Rocky Mountain Power 2011 Clinic Project Dynamic Line Rating Preliminary Design Review

1. Rocky Mountain Power 2011 Clinic ProjectDynamic Line RatingPreliminary Design Review Project Advisor: Dr. Thomas Schmid Clinic Team Members: Skyler Kershner, Benjamin Sondelski, Trevor Nichols, Shayan Barzagari, Zhao Qi

2. Presentation Overview • Project Background • Goals • Proposed Solution • Additional Considerations • System Implementation • Model • Expected Results • Budget / Timeline

3. Project Background • Overhead Conductor Sag • National Electrical Safety Code specifies minimum clearance • As conductor heats, sag increases • Environmental, power considerations • Dynamic line rating system needed [1] Clearance Levels

4. Project Goals • Develop dynamic line rating system • Combine best characteristics of commercially available models • Simple design • Implement system in a model • Validate collected data [2] Line Sag Illustration

5. Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging • Directly measures sag and line temperature • Non-contact measurement [4] Configuration [5] Camera View

6. Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging • Provides high contrast images, temperature measurement • Image processing tracks lowest point in line [6] Thermal Image

7. Proposed Method: Thermal Imaging • Limitation: Cost Model Price $19,500 FLIR T620 [7] $13,500 FLIR SC325 [8] FLIR E60 $7,500 [9]

8. Conclusion • Need for dynamic line rating • Goals • Thermal imaging as potential solution • Limitations of thermal imaging • Other methods needed References Contact Info: SkylerKershner s.kershner@utah.edu

9. Zhao – Overview • Tension as a solution • Sag – Tension rating and calculation • Design Problems/Solutions • Conclusion

10. Tension as a Possible Solution • All-Inclusive Measurement • line temperature, environment temperature, solar absorption • Accuracy • Low-Power Draw

11. Sag-Tension Rating and Calculations • D – Vertical sag • S – Horizontal length of the span • W – Unit weight of the conductor • Tr– Resultant conductor tension • Th – Horizontal component of tension • Fig. 1 Parabolic Sag Curve [10]

12. Tension as a Possible Problem • Cost • Actual implementation • Required line outage for installation • Ice and wind loading • Length of Conductor • Stretching and high temperatures

13. Design Problems/Solutions • Ice loading • Wind loading For structures below 60 feet: For structures exceed 60 feet: • Resultant ice and wind loading

14. Conclusion • Overview of Sag- Tension • Tension advantages • Tension problems/Solutions References: [1]- “Overhead Conductor Manual”, 2nd Edition, Southwire Company, 2007 [2]- IEEE “Guide to the Installation of Overhead Transmission Line Conductor”, 2004 [3]- IEEE “Guide on Conductor Self-Damping Measurements”, 1978 [4]- “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, 2011. [online]. Available: http://www.iaei.org/magazine/2004/05/the-effects-of-ruling-span-on-sag-and-tension/ Contact information: Zhao Qi ECE department, University of Utah u0589543@utah.edu

15. Trevor – Overview • Magnetic Field Sensing • Implementation difficulties • Project Difficulties • Build a model- advantages • Conclusion

16. Magnetic Field Sensor • Three Axis Magnetic Field Sensor • MAGNETOMETER RS232 W/CASE • High Accuracy, <0.5% Full Scale • 10 to 154 Sample/Sec • Low Power consumption • Input voltage range 6 to 15 (VDC) [11]

17. Magnetic Field Measurement Difficulties

18. Project Difficulties • Field Deployment of Prototype • Power • Communication • Uncontrollable variables • Budget

19. Build a Model • Test wide range of aspects • Control experiment variables and environment • Develop realistically implementable solutions • Retain a low budget

20. Conclusion • Magnetic Sensing • Magnetic Difficulties • Project Difficulties • Advantages of Model References: [11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospace- catalogdocuments/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf. Contact Information: Trevor Nichols u0509680@umail.utah.edu 801-710-2173

21. Shayan– Overview • Proposed Solution • Math Defining Model Requirements • Measuring Temperature • Conclusion

22. Proposed Solution • Mock thermal imaging system • [12] [13] • Build a model scaled down to 30:1ratio • Approximately 600 feet scaled to 20 feet • Measure sag in a controlled environment • Clinic Lab – Merrill Engineering Building 2350 • Develop an effective dynamic line rating system

23. Math defining model • Tension in the line – direct effect of line temperature • Temperature – direct effect of amount of line current • Amperage – controlled system input

24. Measuring Temperature

25. Measuring Temperature

26. Conclusion • Proposed Solution • Characteristics of Model • Mock thermal imaging • IR thermometer • IR video camera References: [12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://chaermai.en.ecplaza.net/2.asp. [13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.buy.com/retail/product.asp?sku=224174617&listingid=157870950&& Contact Information: Shayan Barzegari Shayan.Barzegari@gmail.com 801-824-8492

27. Benjamin – Overview • benefits of in-house scale model • power supply • electrical diagram • conductor span • expected model performance

28. Benefits of In-House Scale Model • communications • controlled environment • simple comparison to IEEE 738 • no exposure to weather • verification of thermal time constant • test bed for future clinics

29. Power Supply • need 480V, 3 phase • 208V 3 phase is available • 2kVA each • power supply losses

30. Model Electrical Diagram • National Electrical Code: • bonding and grounding • conductor sizing • overcurrent protection • ground detector

31. Conductor Span • 1½″ PVC structure (FORMUFIT connectors) • transparent covering (acrylic or polycarbonate) • dead-end attachments

32. Expected Model Performance • 20′ span • 200lbs tension at 25°C • Sparrow ACSR

33. Physical Model: Conclusion • benefits of in-house scale model • power supply • electrical diagram • conductor span • expected model performance • contact • Benjamin Sondelski • (801) 628-3499 • Benjamin.Sondelski@IEEE.org • references • [1] National Fire Protection Association, "National Electrical Code," Boston, national standard NFPA 70, 2008.

34. Budget

35. Timeline

36. CONCLUSION • Measure Sag • Build a Model • Desirable: • Measure Conductor Temperature • Due to budget, use Temp Sensor and IR Camera • Validate Measurement • Measuring Tension • Magnetic Sensor

37. Contact Info / References Rocky Mountain Power Clinic Team Electrical and Computer Engineering Department University of Utah rmpclinic-2011-2012@lists.utah.edu References [1] “Clearance Levels”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.pge.com/mybusiness/customerservice/otherrequests/treetrimming/faq/orchard/index.shtml. [2] “Line Sag Illustration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://redefinescience.blogspot.com/2011/05/power-lines.html. [3] “Tension Illustration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.ehow.com/how_8049821_calculate-transmission-line-tension.html. [4] “Configuration”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.eng-tips.com/viewthread.cfm?qid=139418&page=274. [5] ”Power Line View”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://forcechange.com/2190/proposed-legislation-would-speed-up-permitting-process-for-transmission-lines. [6] “Thermal Image”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.x20.org/thermal/. [7] “FLIR T620”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=18118. [8] “FLIR SC325”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=31095. [9] “FLIR E60”, Oct. 3, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.flir.com/thermography/americas/us/content/?id=36820. [10] “Sag and Tension”, Sep. 20, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.iaei.org/magazine/2004/05/the-effects-of-ruling-span-on-sag-and-tension/ [11] “Smart Digital Magnetometer HMR2300”, Sep. 30, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www51.honeywell.com/aero/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog- documents/Missiles-Munitions/HMR2300.pdf. [12] “IR Thermo Gun”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://chaermai.en.ecplaza.net/2.asp. [13] “IR Security Camera”, Sep. 29, 2011. [Online]. Available: http://www.buy.com/retail/product.asp?sku=224174617&listingid=157870950&&