Millennium Development Goals

1. Goal 5 Improve Maternal Health Millennium Development Goals

2. Purpose • Reduce the number of deaths of women that occur as a result of pregnancy and childbirth • Increase access to reproductive services (family planning, contraceptive methods, prenatal and antenatal care) • Provide women with the appropriate information and care to promote health prior to, during and following childbirth.

3. Target • Reduce by ¾ maternal mortality rate • Achieve universal access to reproductive health

4. Reasons why is it important Causes of maternal deaths – • 1. • 2. • 3. • 4. • 5.

5. Reasons why is it important Causes of maternal deaths – • 1. haemorrhage – excessive bleeding • 2. sepsis – whole body infection • 3. unsafe abortion • 4. obstructed labour (birthing complications) • 5.hypertensive disease (high blood pressure) • With improvements in maternal health these causes of death can be prevented.

6. Reasons why its Important • Read p. 321

7. Progress towards goal • Hard to monitor as underreporting and misreporting is common • Declining slowly • % of women in developing countries who received assistance has increased • Greater % of women in rural areas receiving skilled assistance during delivery • All regions have shown progress in providing pregnant women with antinatal care • http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/maternal.shtml • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v66jpL-NLLs • http://www.worldbank.org/mdgs/maternal_health.html

8. Activity • Case study p. 322– “mother’s day report card” • TYK – p.324 – 1 and 7

9. CLIP – Obstetric Fistula

10. Goal 6 Combat HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases Millennium Development Goals

11. Purpose • The purpose of this goal is to reduce the morbidity and mortality rates from HIV/AIDS, Malaria and other diseases • http://www.who.int/hiv/facts/hiv2003/en/index.html • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEicDJ_aiME&feature=related • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jit29lIY21o • http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/EXTABOUTUS/0,,contentMDK:23262080~pagePK:51123644~piPK:329829~theSitePK:29708,00.html • http://www.worldbank.org/mdgs/diseases.html

12. Target • .Halt and reverse, by 2015 the spread of HIV/AIDS • .Achieve by 2010 universal access to treatment for HIV/AIDS for all those who need it • .Halt and begin to reverse by 2015 the incidence of malaria and all other major diseases

13. Reason for the goal • Largely preventable and contribute significantly to BOD • Can be prevented through education – eg. Risk associated with unprotected sex and the provision of condoms are cost effective • Providing antiretroviral drugs allow people to stay healthier and live longer • Reduce the number of kids that are orphaned

14. Progress towards goal • A lot has been achieved – • People newly infected with HIV/AIDS has significantly decreased • Due to medications, there has been a decrease in the deaths from AIDS • Sample data and national surveys indicate that HIV prevention strategies have been successful, in particular to risk taking sexual behaviours • Many countries have developed policies for the care of orphaned kids • The incidence of tuberculosis is falling gradually • http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/aids.shtml

15. Homework Activity • Explain how the use of antiretroviral drugs for HIV/AIDS can have a positive impact on the development of a community….? • Play the HIV/aids game • http://www.avert.org/hiv-aids-game.htm

16. Weblink • Malaria deadliest predator

17. ACTIVITY

18. Goal 7 Ensure environmental sustainability Millennium Development Goals

19. Define • Sustainability • Sustainable human development

20. Sustainability • Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Sustainable human development the capacity for current and future generations to achieve their full potential and lead productive and creative lives in accordance with their needs and interests

21. Purpose • Maintain the qualities within the physical environment that are considered to be important for health and human development, to ensure they are sustained for future generations to meet their own needs • Reduce biodiversity loss as well as allowing access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation to promote health and sustainable human development

22. Targets • 1. integrate principles of sustainable development into country policies and programs and reverse the loss of natural resources • 2. Reduce biodiversity loss, achieving by 2010 significant reduction in the rate of loss. • 3. Halve by 2015 the proportion of the population without sustainable access to safe drinking water and basic sanitation.

23. Targets cont. • 4. By 2020, to have achieved a significant improvement in the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers. • Define biodiversity • The different plants, animals and microorganisms, their genes and the ecosystems in which they live

24. Reasons why it is important • Green house gas emissions has impacted the rising temperatures globally – resulting in changed weather patterns (drought, earthquakes) • Population growths have resulted in the extinction of animals and the loss of plants, which are important for human survival • Water is vital for life – water and sanitation will reduce the risk of diseases such as diarrhoea, malaria. • Physical environments – improving the lives of at least 100 million slum dwellers – lack sanitation, poor water facilities, non durable housing, insufficient living area

25. Progress towards goal • Hasn’t been consistent for all targets • Tree planting programs in many countries has resulted in more new forests • The global consumption of ozone-depleting substances was reduced • If we continue on the same trend we will meet, or even exceed one of the targets relating to safe drinking water • http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/environ.shtml • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X_khs-lvmXg • http://www.worldbank.org/mdgs/environment.html

26. Activity • Choose an area where progress has been slow. Comment on a possible way we can improve or eradicate the problem.

27. Goal 8 Develop a global partnership for development Millennium Development Goals

28. Purpose • The purpose is to address the needs of the least developed countries through the provision of official development assistance (ODA) aka AID.

29. Target • Address the special needs of the least developed countries • Further develop the trading and financial system • Dealing with developing countries debt • Providing access to affordable essential drugs in developing countries • Make new technology available, especially information and communications

30. Reasons why it is important • Through developing global partnership developed countries are able to assist developing countries in improving their economies to better meet the needs of their people – thereby improving standards. • This results in • Reduction morbidity • Reduction mortality • Improving economies • ODA addresses current health concerns

31. Progress towards the goal • Progress towards the achievement of this goal has been relatively slow • in 2008, approximately 80 per cent of imports by developed countries from all developing countries was free of duty. This was an increase from 54 per cent in 1998. • least developed countries are benefitting from reduced tariffs on imported goods from developed countries. • 40 countries qualified for debt relief • access to ICT has expanded with an estimated 4.6 billion people having access to mobile phones by the end of 2009(67% of people have access) • http://www.un.org/millenniumgoals/global.shtml • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XrYsQHK-_yw&list=PL50B17F26F7C99CC1 • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z3DslUM25DU • http://www.worldbank.org/mdgs/global_partnership.html

32. http://www.tigweb.org/themes/mdg/game/index.html • http://www.mdgmonitor.org/map.cfm?goal=&indicator=&cd= • http://www.endpoverty2015.org/