The Growth of Democracy

1. King Andrew or the common man? The Growth of Democracy Mrs. Auwers Comstock Park High School

2. The role of Andrew Jackson’s presidency in affirming and solidifying the new democracy The Death of the American System Establishment of the basic two-party system of American political democracy The creation of a distinctive American cultural identity by writers, artists, and their audiences Key Topics

3. “We are the free born sons of America; the citizens of the only republic now existing in the world; the only people on earth who possess rights, liberties, and property which they dare call their own.” Andrew Jackson Expansion and Limits of Suffrage

4. More than 90% of adult white males in the nation could vote: for officials, governors, and presidential electors. The right to vote was barred to most of the nation’s free African American males and to women of any race. (the 15th and 19th Amendments to the Constitution change those rights) Racism accounted for the denial of rights for African Americans and the worry of sectional divisions Sexism accounted for the denial of rights for women (New Jersey was the exception until 1807 when they too made it illegal for women to vote). By 1840

5. A three way split in the electoral college caused the decision to go to the House of Representatives for a decision. Only 3 candidates could be selected. Adams won, infuriating Jackson who had won the majority of the popular vote. Adams appointed Clay as his Secretary or State (the “cut” candidate and the position was considered a stepping stone to the presidency.) Adams knew Jackson would run again and most probably defeat him, which Jackson did in 1828. The Corrupt Bargain

6. The “Print Revolution” began in 1826, The number of newspapers jumped from 376 newspapers in 1810 to 1200 in 1835! This rise in publications spurred interest in politics Packed with articles that today would belong in the National Enquirer they became a key part of American culture. Popular Politics

7. Politics in an Oyster House The Democrats Get Their Symbol Andrew Jackson as a Jackass

8. Essential Question: Champion of the “Common Man”? “King”Andrew? OR

9. What were the democratic trends in the 19th century?

10. Voting Requirements in the Early 19th Century

11. Voter Turnout: 1820 - 1860 What spurred voter turn out as the years progressed?

12. Why Increased Democratization? • White male suffrage increased • Party nominating committees. • Voters chose their state’s slate of Presidential electors. • Spoils system. • Rise of Third Parties. • Popular campaigning (parades, rallies, floats, etc.) • Two-party system returned in the 1832 election: • Democratic-Republicans  National Republicans (1828) Whigs – (1832)  Republicans (1854) • Democrats (1828)

13. Jackson's Early Life

14. Jackson’s First Hermitage Residence

15. First Known Painting of Jackson, 1815

16. General Jackson During the Seminole Wars

17. Jackson's First Presidential Run

18. The “Common Man’s”Presidential Candidate

19. Jackson’s Opponents in 1824 Henry Clay[KY] John Quincy Adams[MA] John C. Calhoun[SC] William H. Crawford[GA]

20. Results of the 1824 Election “Corrupt Bargain?”

21. What were the key issues in 1828?

22. Rachel Jackson Final Divorce Decree

23. Jackson in Mourning for His Wife

24. 1828 Election Results

25. The Center of Population in theCountry Moves WEST

26. The New “Jackson Coalition” • The Planter Elite in the South • People on the Frontier • State Politicians – spoils system • Immigrants in the cities.

27. Jackson’s Faith in the “Common Man” • Intense distrust of Eastern“establishment,” monopolies, & special privilege. • His heart & soul was with the“plain folk.” • Belief that the common man was capable of uncommon achievements.

28. The Reign of “King Mob”

29. Andrew Jackson as President “the Old Man” 61 years old 1828

30. The Nullification Issue

31. The Webster-Hayne Debate Senator Daniel Webster[MA] Senator Robert Hayne[SC]

32. 1830 Webster:Liberty and Union, now and forever, one and inseparable. Jackson:Our Federal Union—it must be preserved. Calhoun:The Union, next to our liberty, most dear.

33. The Tariff Issue

34. 1832 Tariff Conflict • 1828 --> “Tariff of Abomination” • 1832 --> new tariff • South Carolina’s reaction? • Jackson’s response? • Clay’s “Compromise” Tariff?

35. Jackson's Native-American Policy

36. Indian Removal • Jackson’s Goal? • 1830  Indian Removal Act • Cherokee Nation v. GA (1831)“domestic dependent nation” • Worcester v. GA (1832) • Jackson: “John Marshall has made his decision, now let him enforce it!”

37. The Cherokee Nation After 1820

38. Indian Removal

39. Trail of Tears (1838-1839)

40. Jackson’s Professed “Love” forNative Americans

41. Renewing the Charter of the 1st National Bank

42. Jackson’s Use of Federal Power VETO 1830 Maysville Roadproject in Kentucky [state of his political rival, Henry Clay] (national highway system-- part of the American Plan)

43. The National Bank Debate PresidentJackson NicholasBiddle

44. Opposition to the 2nd B.U.S. “Soft”(paper) $ “Hard”(specie) $ • state bankers feltit restrained theirbanks from issuingbank notes freely. • supported rapid economic growth & speculation. • felt that coin was the only safecurrency. • didn’t like any bankthat issued banknotes. • suspicious of expansion &speculation.

45. The “Monster” Is Destroyed! • “pet banks”? • 1832  Jackson vetoed the extension of the 2nd National Bank of the United States. • 1836  the charter expired. • 1841  the bank went bankrupt!

46. The Downfall of “Mother Bank” Jackson pulls out National funds

47. An 1832 Cartoon: “KingAndrew”?

48. 1832 Election Results Main Issue? Bank War

49. The Specie Circular (1836) • “wildcat banks.” • buy future federalland only with gold orsilver. • Jackson’s goal? • “The Bank is trying to kill me, so I will kill it.”

50. Results of the Specie Circular • Banknotes loose their value. • Land sales plummeted. • Credit not available. • Businesses began to fail. • Unemployment rose. The Panic of 1837!