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THE GREAT WAR

THE GREAT WAR. LATER BECAME KNOWN AS WORLD WAR I. Major Causes . Militarism Alliance System Imperialism Nationalism MAIN. Militarism. Militarism; by 1890 Germany was the most powerful nation in Europe. (strong military)

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THE GREAT WAR

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  1. THE GREAT WAR LATER BECAME KNOWN AS WORLD WAR I

  2. Major Causes • Militarism • Alliance System • Imperialism • Nationalism • MAIN

  3. Militarism • Militarism; by 1890 Germany was the most powerful nation in Europe. (strong military) • Nations needed a strong military to defend and control its Colonies, which it had gained through Imperialism • By 1900 European nations and the USA began to create and build strong navies; Ships could travel around the world to defend colonies.

  4. Alliance System • Alliance System; By 1907 two major groups emerged; • Triple Entente/Allies; consisted of France, England and Russia • Triple Alliance/Central Powers; Germany, Austria-Hungary, Ottoman Empire and Italy • These nations would defend each other in time of war. International Security

  5. Imperialism • Imperialism; a major nation takes over a smaller nation to control the (smaller)nation’s natural resources and use a shipping port for trade. • There was constant disputes and conflicts between major nations over control of the natural resources and world wide trade.

  6. Nationalism • Nationalism; it means devotion of one’s nation; Patriotism • It is the belief that one nation is superior to another nation; extreme • Superior nation had the responsibility to take over another nation and control it for; • Trade; spread religion; spread culture; use and control natural resources

  7. Problems in Europe • Small nations wanted Independence • Ethnic groups under the control of a larger and more powerful nation • A lot of tension/dislike between nations • One event would explode Europe into war • Europe had long history of wars

  8. Event that caused WW1 • Assassination of Archduke Frantz Ferdinand • June 1914 as he and his wife, Sophie, were visiting Sarajevo. (in Austria-Hungary) • He was heir to the Austrian throne. • GavriloPrincip, member of The Black Hand, group favored Serbian independence, killed Ferdinand. Serbia was a small nation.

  9. Assassination of Archduke • The assassination of Frantz Ferdinand sparked a crisis among European nations • July 28, 1914 A-H declared war on Serbia • Nations chose sides (alliance system) and on August 1 Germany declared war on Russia and on August 3 Germany declared war on France. • Germany had a treaty with Austria-Hungary; Russia and France were allies and when Germany invaded Belgium England declared on Germany.

  10. War Begins in August 1914 • Trench Warfare used in WW1 • Soldiers fought from opposing long and winding ditches or trenches • 10 -12 feet deep and disease ridden • Soldiers would sleep and eat in the trenches • Destroyed the terrain/land;

  11. No Man’s Land • No Man’s Land; located between the trenches • A signal was given by the commanding officer and soldiers would charge across No Man’s Land to the opposing trench and attempt to kill or capture the enemy • This was a brutal and harsh method of war • Thousands died in a few hours of fighting • Soldiers fought hand to hand at times

  12. USA remains Neutral • USA was an ally of England and France but did not enter WW1 when it started. • USA was trade partners with Allied nations; continued to trade as war raged • USA companies made large profits • USA sold millions of dollars of supplies to the Allied nations. USA economy expand

  13. Lusitania • May 7, 1915 British ship Lusitania was sunk by a German U-Boat (submarine) off the coast of Ireland. • It was secretly carrying war supplies and 128 Americans died (total 1198 died) • Germany believed it had the right to sink the Lusitania • USA believed it did not have the right to attack

  14. 1916 USA Presidential Election • Woodrow Wilson elected and he “kept us out of the war”. • How long would the USA remain neutral? • President Wilson called for peace, but neither side would cooperate • 40 nations would become involved in The Great War

  15. USA enters The Great War • Zimmermann Note/Telegraph/February 1917 • Letter from Germany to Mexico and stated; if Mexico would help Germany fight against the USA in WW1 then after WW1 Germany would help Mexico re-capture Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. • Over the next few months 4 USA ships sunk by Germany.

  16. USA declares war • April 4, 1917 US Congress declares war on Germany • Wilson’s peace plan “to make the world safe for democracy” fails • Selective Service Act (draft) 1.75 million serve in combat • 400,000 African-Americans served in segregated units; awarded many medals

  17. Women and The Great War • 13,000 women served as nurses, secretaries and telephone operators.

  18. New Weapons • Machine guns • Airplanes • Submarines • Artillery Guns • Poison Gas • Tanks

  19. USA Army • American CommanderGeneral John J. Pershing • Doughboys; nickname given to USA soldiers • Alvin York; USA sergeant; captured 132 German soldiers; national hero • Originally he refused to join the military • Conscientious objector (religious reasons) • From TN and went back and started a school

  20. USA Home Front • War Industries Board; US govt agency monitored US economy and businesses to make sure supplies were manufactured to be sent to the Military overseas • USA businesses made big profits • USA govt paid USA companies to produce war supplies-uniforms/guns/food/tanks/ships • War is good for the economy; war products cost more than consumer products

  21. Food Administration • Food Administrator Herbert Hoover • US govt agency to make sure enough food was produced for both soldiers and civilians • Wheatless Wednesdays • Meatless Mondays • victory gardens grown by school children

  22. Paying for War • Liberty Loans • Victory Loans • Methods to raise money to pay for the cost of the Great War • Similar to saving bonds

  23. Great Migration • Black Exodus/Black Migration • Hundreds of thousands of African-Americans moved to northern urban centers in the 1910s and 1920s (continued into the 1970s) to get jobs in war factories; escape prejudice/discrimination • Started a new life and new opportunities • Built Black churches, schools, neighborhoods and business; very very successful

  24. Creating a lasting peace • President Wilson; 14 Points Speech • January 18, 1918 • 14 provisions • Achieve world wide peace • No secret treaties between nations • Free trade and freedom of the seas • No more Imperialism/owning colonies

  25. League of Nations • 14th Point • Creation of an international organization of nations that would settle disputes and prevent future wars. It would solve problems and conflicts between nations. • The League of Nations • All nations would be represented and have a voice in world affairs

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