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Estimation of Emission Sources Using Satellite Data

Estimation of Emission Sources Using Satellite Data. Randall Martin. General Approach to Infer Emissions from Satellite Observations Error Characterization Major Area for Further Improvement. Satellite obs y Forward model F(x) & Errors S y. Optimized inventory x & Errors. F(x).

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Estimation of Emission Sources Using Satellite Data

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  1. Estimation of Emission Sources Using Satellite Data Randall Martin

  2. General Approach to Infer Emissions from Satellite Observations Error Characterization Major Area for Further Improvement Satellite obs y Forward model F(x) & Errors Sy Optimized inventory x & Errors F(x) Test with independent observations Some Practical Issues • model at resolution of desired inventory • appropriate independent observations • nonlinear methods Bottom-up emissions xa & Errors Sa min Error covariance matrices for • bottom-up inventory Sa • satellite retrieval Si • forward model Sm • representativeness Sr } Sy

  3. Specific Approaches Often Depend on Species Lifetime SCIAMACHY Tropospheric NO2 OMI HCHO Chance & Kurosu Martin et al., submitted 1015 molec N cm-2 MOPITT CO MOPITT Team

  4. … and Have Yielded Promising Results SCIAMACHY NOx Emissions (2004-2005) East Asia Becomes Dominant Emitter (50% increase) Resolution? GOME Isoprene Emissions (1998) Within ~10% of MEGAN May Aug Jun Sep Martin et al., submitted Jul MOPITT CO Regional Emissions Palmer et al., 2006 Heald et al., 2004

  5. In Situ Measurements Support Satellite-based InventoriesAdditional Measurements Critical for Inventory Evaluation NOAA P-3 Measurements (Ryerson, Flocke, Neuman) GEIA (A priori) r2 = 0.53 GEOS-CHEM (A priori) GEOS-CHEM (A posteriori) In Situ GOME Martin et al., submitted r2 = 0.77 Palmer et al., 2003 Pfister et al., 2005

  6. Thorough Validation of MOPITT CO Validation of NO2 and HCHO Where PossibleRemaining Issues in Temporal Variation and Subpixel Variability SCIAMACHY NO2 (1015molec cm-2) ICARTT r = 0.79 slope = 0.8 Cohen (DC-8) Ryerson (WP-3D) In Situ NO2 (1015molec cm-2) Martin et al., submitted Martin et al., 2004 Emmons et al., 2004

  7. Discrepancy in Wintertime GOME NO2 Columns Over Industrial Regions Need to Better Understand Retrieval and Model Errors Year 2000 Eastern US Europe van Noije et al., submitted

  8. Develop Simultaneous Inversion for Local CO, NOx, VOC Emissions from Observations of NO2, HCHO, CO, O3, HNO3Will Require Iterative Solution (i.e. Adjoint) hv OH HNO3 NO2 NOx NO O3 OH HOx HO2 H2O2 hv, H2O CO2 VOCs CO HCHO hv, OH CO, VOCs, NOx

  9. Value of Spatial and Temporal Resolution of Measurement from Emissions Inventory Perspective

  10. Acknowledgements Chris Sioris, Thomas Kurosu, Kelly Chance (Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory) Paul Palmer (University of Leeds) Twan van Noije (KNMI) Andy Neuman, Tom Ryerson (NOAA/CIRES) Ron Cohen, Colette Heald (Berkeley) Louisa Emmons, Frank Flocke, Gabriele Pfister, Aaron Swanson, (NCAR) Funding: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

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