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Effective Policies for Promoting Health and Nutrition in Developing Countries

This resource discusses policies aimed at addressing health-related causes of undernutrition in developing countries. It covers initiatives such as promoting low-cost health services, subsidizing maternal and child health, and improving public water supply systems to tackle issues like contaminated water sources. The text emphasizes the importance of good health in promoting good nutrition and highlights successful examples like the Barefoot Doctors in China and maternal health centers in Malawi. Through government interventions and community programs, the goal is to enhance access to essential healthcare services and improve nutrition outcomes for marginalized populations.

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Effective Policies for Promoting Health and Nutrition in Developing Countries

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  1. Policies Aimed at Health-related Causes of Undernutrition Text extracted from: The World Food Problem Leathers & Foster, 2004 http://www.lastfirst.net/images/product/R004548.jpg

  2. Director General of World Health Organization, 1989 • “ If we could increase the health spending in the developing countries by only $2 per head, • we could immunize all their children, • eradicate polio, and provide the drugs to cure all their causes of diarrheal disease, • acute respiratory infection, tuberculosis, malaria, schistosomiasis • and sexually transmitted diseases.” http://www.who.sk/obr/nakajima.jpg Hiroshi Nakajima

  3. Policies promoting low cost health for the poor • Good health promotes good nutrition • Good nutrition promotes good health • Cheaper to maintain good health • Than to try to cure sick people • Low cost health for poor • Barefoot doctors in China • Nutrition huts in Philppines • Health huts in Haiti http://www.chinatoday.com.cn/English/20021/1960nian.htm Barefoot Doctors, China

  4. U.S. Public Health Policies • 1840s: modern sewage systems • 1900s: Drinking water • 1923: Salt fortified • Iodine • 1940: Flour fortified • Iron • Thiamin • Riboflavin • Niacin http://www.ames.lib.ia.us/farwell/publication/Pub6940.htm Marston Water Tower, 1897

  5. Subsidizing Maternal and Child Health Services • 1974: less than 5% children in developing world immunized against • Measles • Tetanus • Diphtheria • Pertussis • Tuberculosis • Polio • Today: 80% immunized due to government policies • Ex: World Health Organization • 36 million infants/yr not immunized http://maconareaonline.com/news.asp?id=14271

  6. Maternal and Child Health Centers • Immunization • Including hepatitis B, yellow fever • Vitamin distribution • Vitamin A pills cost 5 cents to make • Monitor Child Development • Oral Rehydration Therapy • Promote Breast Feeding • Nutrition Education • Family Planning http://www.new-agri.co.uk/image/043/dev01b.jpg Maternal Health Center, Malawi

  7. Problems with Baby Formula • Water supply contaminated with human excrement • Household hygiene poor • Flies • Feces • No refrigerator • Wood stove, little fuel • No equipment to clean bottle • Uneducated mother • No knowledge of germs http://www.emag.uni-bremen.de/emag/2004/projects/wterprob/my%20home.html

  8. Public Water Case Study • Port-au-Prince, Haiti, 1976 • 50% of municipal water supply leaked out • Few shut off valves • Little incentive to conserve • Direct service to 150,000 relatively wealthy • 400,000 poor supposed to use 27 public stand pipes http://www.paho.org/English/DPI/100/100feature25_photos.htm Public Water Pump, Port-au-Prince

  9. Public Water Case Study • Extreme water scarcity solutions: • 40,000 people relied on leaks in pipes • 95,000 more wealthy people shared with neighbors • 300,000 bought water through private vendors http://www.ehponline.org/docs/1994/102-12/focus1.html Port-au-Prince

  10. Public Water Case Study • Private Water Market • Tanker trucks • Filled up free at hydrants • 2,000 connected households • sold water to neighbors • 14,000 people were mobile vendors • Bought water from connected households • Delivered to customers • 2 cents a bucket http://www.wehaitians.com/haitian%20suffering.html Port-au-Prince

  11. Public Water Case Study • Private Water Market • Customers paid out $3.8 million/year • Municipal Water Authority earned $650,000/yr • Family of 5 would pay $4/month for 11 litres/day • 40% of families earned $20/month or less • Poorest purchased water only for drinking • Bathed in surface runoff http://www.sciencemuseum.org.uk/exhibitions/geographical/fossez.asp Port-au-Prince

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