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The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities

The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities. Jamil Salmi Shangai 20 October 2010. the search for excellence. my university is… more world-class than yours. natural lab experiment: U. of Malaya vs. NUS early 1960s: 2 branches of University of Malaya today, stark difference:

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The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities

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  1. The Challenge of Establishing World-Class Universities JamilSalmi Shangai 20 October 2010

  2. the search for excellence my university is… more world-class than yours

  3. natural lab experiment: U. of Malaya vs. NUS • early1960s: 2 branches of University of Malaya • today, stark difference: • THES: NUS # 30, UoM # 180 • SJTU: NUS 101- 151, UoM not in top 500

  4. outline of the presentation • defining the world-class university • the path to becoming a world-class university • lessons of experience

  5. how do you recognize a world-class university? • everyone wants one • no one knows what it is • no one knows how to get one Philip G. Altbach

  6. defining the WCU • self-declaration

  7. defining the WCU • self-declaration • reputation • rankings

  8. top 50 universities (2010)

  9. Characteristics of a World-Class University Alignment of Key Factors Concentration of Talent Students Teaching Staff Researchers Leading-Edge Research Top Graduates WCU Supportive Regulatory Framework Abundant Favorable Governance Public Budget Resources Endowment Revenues Tuition Fees Research Grants Resources Autonomy Academic Freedom Dynamic Knowledge & Technology Transfer Leadership Team Strategic Vision Culture of Excellence Source: Elaborated by Jamil Salmi

  10. concentration of talent • teachers and researchers • incoming students • undergraduate / graduate students balance

  11. weight of graduate students

  12. concentration of talent • teachers and researchers • incoming students • undergraduate / graduate students balance • international dimensions

  13. international dimensions • foreign students • Harvard (19%) • Cambridge (18%) • foreign faculty • Caltech (37%) • Harvard (30%) • Oxford (36%) • Cambridge (33%)

  14. abundant resources • dependence on government funding • US able to spend 3.3% of GDP ($54,000 per student) – 1/3 public 2/3 private • Europe (E25) only 1.3% ($13,500 per student) • endowments

  15. Comparison of US and UK Endowment Levels

  16. abundant resources • government funding • endowments • fees • research funding

  17. favorable governance • freedom from civil service rules (human resources, procurement, financial management) • management autonomy • flexibility and responsiveness with power to act • selection of leadership team • independent Board with outside representation

  18. U. Of Malaya vs. NUS • talent • UM: selection bias in favor of Bumiputras, less than 5% foreign students, few foreign professors • NUS: highly selective, 43% of graduates students are foreign, many foreign professors

  19. U. Of Malaya vs. NUS (II) • finance • UM: $385 million, $14,000 per student • NUS: $1 billion endowment, $1,200 million, $39,000 per student

  20. U. Of Malaya vs. NUS (III) • governance • appointment of VC: political in Malaysia, professional in Singapore • UM: restricted by government regulations and control, unable to hire top foreign professors • NUS: status of a private corporation, able to attract world-class foreign researchers • 52% of professors (9% from Malaysia) • 79% of researchers (11% from Malaysia)

  21. outline of the presentation • defining the world-class university • the path to becoming a world-class university

  22. the path to glory • upgrading existing institutions • mergers • creating a new institution

  23. upgrading approach • less costly • challenge of creating a culture of excellence • focus on governance

  24. mergers approach • China, Russia, France, Denmark, Finland, Ireland • potential synergies • 1+1=3 • clash of cultures

  25. creating a new institution • UCSD, University of Astana, Olin College of Engineering, KAUST, MMU, PSE, U of Luxembourg, Singapore • higher costs • getting the right culture from the beginning • creating a deep tradition of research

  26. outline of the presentation • defining the world-class university • the path to becoming a world-class university • lessons of experience

  27. Concentration of Talent Students Teaching Staff Researchers Leading-Edge Research Top Graduates Supportive Regulatory Framework WCU Abundant Resources Favorable Governance Public Budget Resources Endowment Revenues Tuition Fees Research Grants Autonomy Academic Freedom Dynamic Technology Transfer Leadership Team Strategic Vision Culture of Excellence

  28. WCU ecosystem

  29. ecosystem

  30. common mistakes /elements of vulnerability • focus on the physical infrastructure (U and science park) • what about the programs, curriculum and pedagogical approach? • assume that you can import all the content from elsewhere • and that pieces from different institutions will gel automatically

  31. common mistakes / elements of vulnerability (II) • delayed appointment of leadership team (lack of ownership) • capital costs covered, but little attention to operational costs and long-term financial sustainability • foreign professors without building local capcity • small is still beautiful

  32. common mistakes / elements of vulnerability (III) • it takes time! • what about scientific tradition before starting technology transfer?

  33. importance of sequencing • concept to strategic plan • governance arrangements to implementation • academic plan to physical infrastructure • QA and accreditation

  34. the end

  35. Upgrade your knowledge – measure, assess and compare your universities! Upgrading & Fixing Universities Liu CaiNian

  36. a word of caution • need for diversified tertiary education system • universities and non-universities institutions • not all institutions “world-class” • world-class tertiary education system

  37. money is not enough • the most expensive universities in the world are not world-class • George Washington U (Washington DC) • Kenyon College (Ohio) • Bucknell U (Pennsylvania) • Vassar College (NY) • Sarah Lawrence College (NY)

  38. it’s all about alignment

  39. Characteristics of a World-Class University Alignment of Key Factors Concentration of Talent Students Teaching Staff Researchers Leading-Edge Research Top Graduates WCU Supportive Regulatory Framework Abundant Favorable Governance Public Budget Resources Endowment Revenues Tuition Fees Research Grants Resources Autonomy Academic Freedom Dynamic Knowledge & Technology Transfer Leadership Team Strategic Vision Culture of Excellence Source: Elaborated by Jamil Salmi

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