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VITAMINS

VITAMINS. VITAMIN A. VITAMIN D. vit. D 3 ( cholecalciferol ). VITAMIN E AND DERIVATIVES OF FLAVONE ( antioxidants !). VITAMIN K. THE ROLE OF VITAMIN K IN BLOOD CLOTTING, THE ACTION OF ANTICOAGULANTS. VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID).

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VITAMINS

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  1. VITAMINS

  2. VITAMIN A

  3. VITAMIN D vit. D3 (cholecalciferol)

  4. VITAMIN E AND DERIVATIVES OF FLAVONE (antioxidants!)

  5. VITAMIN K

  6. THE ROLE OF VITAMIN K IN BLOOD CLOTTING, THE ACTION OF ANTICOAGULANTS

  7. VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID) ascorbic a. dehydroascorbic a.

  8. VITAMIN B1

  9. VITAMIN B2 vit. B2 (riboflavine) flavine adenine dinucleotide (FAD) reducedform colorless oxidizedform yellow

  10. VITAMIN B3

  11. VITAMIN B6

  12. VITAMIN B12

  13. FOLIC ACID folic acid (pteridine, p-aminobenzoic acid, glutamic acid)

  14. BIOTIN

  15. ALKALOIDS

  16. CLASSIFICATION OF ALKALOIDS

  17. PURINE ALKALOIDS

  18. PYRIDINE ALKALOIDS

  19. PHENANTHRENE OPIATES

  20. TROPANE ALKALOIDS

  21. CANNABINOIDS

  22. ERGOT ALKALOIDS AND LSD

  23. PLANT ALKALOIDS WITH ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES

  24. PLANT ALKALOIDS WITH ANTICANCER ACTIVITIES (continued)

  25. Saccharides (Gr. sakcharon, sugar) – the most abundantbiologicalmolecules = Carbohydrates, „carbonhydrates“, (C.H2O)n STRUCTURE: Serve as: (1) fuels, energystores (2) componentsofnucleicacids (3) linked to proteins, lipids, role in cell-cell recognition (4) ground substance ofconnectivetissues

  26. CLASSIFICATION:

  27. TRIOSES, D-FAMILY OF SACCHARIDES Glyceraldehyde – a single asymmetriccarbon (D- and L-variant)

  28. GENETIC TREE OF MONOSACCHARIDES

  29. COMMON ALDOSES

  30. COMMON KETOSES

  31. DERIVATION OF CYCLIC FORMS: - based on hemiacetal/hemiketalformation!

  32. CHEMICAL PROPERTIES (1) OXIDATION / REDUCTION

  33. DETECTION OF ALDOSES = DETECTION OF ALDEHYDES!

  34. FORMATION OF OSAZONES (condensationwithphenylhydrazine)

  35. (3) FORMATION OF GLYCOSIDES - based on acetal formation!

  36. (4) FORMATION OF PHOSPHORIC ACID ESTERS

  37. MAJOR MONOSACCHARIDES - CYCLIC STRUCTURES

  38. ASCORBIC ACID - DERIVATIVE OF GULONIC ACID (glucose – glucuronic a. – gulonic a. – oxidizedgulonolactone)

  39. MAJOR DISACCHARIDES

  40. POLYSACCHARIDES: STARCH, GLYCOGEN, DEXTRAN, INULIN

  41. ground substance ofconnectivetissuescontainsproteoglycans composedofglycosaminoglycans (GAG) and proteins AMINO SUGARS OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS:

  42. REPEATING SUBUNITS OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS (HYALURONIC ACID, CHONDROITIN SULPHATE) Noticeacidicgroupsgiving negative charges!

  43. PROTEOGLYCAN ARCHITECTURE (GAG + protein)

  44. ATTACHEMENT OF SACCHARIDES TO PROTEINS via O-glycosidic and N-glycosidiclinkages

  45. HEPARIN -sulfatedglycosaminoglycan not found in connectivetissues!

  46. LIPIDS: PROPERTIES AND BIOLOGICAL VALUE

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