1 / 19

Immune System

Immune System. Important system that helps fight off pathogens What is a Pathogen? Microorganism that causes infection or a disease: Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protists/Parasites Made of many cells each with a specific job including: a. Lymphocytes –

elizabethcornett
Download Presentation

Immune System

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

  1. Immune System • Important system that helps fight off pathogens • What is a Pathogen? Microorganism that causes infection or a disease: Bacteria Viruses Fungi Protists/Parasites • Made of many cells each with a specific job including: a. Lymphocytes – White blood cells or WBC Target specific Pathogens

  2. T cells - Identify Pathogens by recognizing their Antigens B cells- Produce chemicals called Antibodies Macrophages – Surround pathogen and digest or eat it Also called Phagocytes Types of Lymphocytes Pathogens

  3. Types of Lymphocytes What are Memory Cells? Remember what type of antigens a pathogen has Help immune system recognize the pathogen if it invades our body again!! AMAZING ! ! ! What are the Types of T – Cells? 1. Natural Killers Cells 2. Cytotoxic Cells * Destroy pathogens after they are marked by antibodies * Destroy cells that are infected with a virus * Also recognize cancer cells and destroy them

  4. ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES • What are Antigens? Special proteins on surface of cells and pathogens They are recognized by the Immune System • Why? So that the White blood cells know which pathogens they need to destroy!!! • What are Antibodies? Special proteins that recognize specific Antigenson Pathogens Mark the pathogens for destruction by WBC’s

  5. What are Pathogens? Organisms that cause disease Infectious diseases are? Diseases that are caused by pathogens . When you have an infectious disease pathogens are inside your body causing harm Staphyloccocus aureus Magnified 20,000X About 1 um in size What type of pathogen is Staph? BACTERIA Pathogens

  6. 4 TYPES OF COMMON PATHOGENS • Can you guess what they are? Viruses Fungi Bacteria Protists/Parasites 1. Viruses Flu HIV Measles Virus 2.Fungi Athlete’s Foot Candida albicans Fungus

  7. 4 TYPES OF COMMON PATHOGENS 3. Bacteria STAPH Bacteria Strep throat 4. Protists Paramecium Giardia Giardia

  8. together to The immune system includes T cells and B cells. The cells work fight infections. The Immune System • The immune system includes T cellsand B cells. • The cells work together to fight infections. • How does the immune system work? Let’s find out!!

  9. T-Cells have more than one jobOne job may be to……………What happens when a virus infects a cell?

  10. What is another job of the T- cells? .

  11. So, why do B–cells produce antibodies? Because……………..

  12. ImmunityHow does a person become immunized? ImmunityHow does a person become immunized?How does a person become immunized?.

  13. How does the Immune System work How does the Immune System work T cells recognize bacterial or viral antigen. Some T cells attack cells infected with pathogens. Other T cells signal B cells to produce antibodies . Antibodies attach to the antigens on virus or bacteria (Lock & Key) Antibodies help macrophages destroy the bacteria or virus

  14. Two Types of Immunity Active Immunity Immune system produces antibodies on its own in response to a pathogen Passive Immunity Antibodies are injected into a patient to help prevent a disease from a pathogen Vaccine Contain a weakened pathogen that stimulates production of antibodies without causing the actual disease, or………… Antibodies are already in the vaccine

  15. Active Immunity Both Passive Immunity The body makes antibodies. Antibodies are given; the body does not make antibodies. Can prevent diseases Memory cells recognize antigens from the pathogen. Immunity can be acquired from the mother during pregnancy. May involve an injection Immunity may last for years or a lifetime. Immunity lasts only a few months.

  16. Review Questions 1. Question: What is the function of the immune system? Answer: Helps fight off pathogens. 2. Question:Which 3 white blood cells or lymphocytes help destroy pathogens? Answer: Macrophages, B cells and T cells 3. Question: What is an antigen? Answer: Special protein on surface of pathogens recognized by the immune system

  17. Review Questions 4. Question: What is an antibody? Answer: Special protein in the immune system that recognizes and attaches to a specific antigen on a pathogen and marks it for destruction. 5. Question: Explain the difference between Active and Passive Immunity? Answer: * In Active immunity the immune system produces the antibodies. * In Passive immunity the antibodies are injected into a patient to destroy the pathogens

  18. Review Questions 6. Question: Which cells of the immune system produce antibodies? Answer: B cells 7. Question: Which cells produce B cells? Answer: T cells 8. Question:What are memory cells? Answer: Remember what type of antigens a pathogen has Help immune system recognize the pathogen if it invades our body again!!

  19. 9. Questions: What are the 4 main functions of T-cells Answer: 1. Destroy pathogens after they are marked by Antibodies 2. Destroy cells that are infected with a virus 3. Also recognize cancer cells and destroy them 4. Stimulate B-cells to produce antibodies 10. Question: What are the 4 common pathogens? Answer: Virus Bacteria Fungi Protists/parasites

More Related