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Integration of Heat and Power

Integration of Heat and Power. HEAT ENGINES. RESERVIOR. T 1. Q 1. Heat Engine. W. Q 2. T 2. RESERVIOR. First Law of Thermodynamics W = Q 1 - Q 2 Second Law of Thermodynamics W  7 c Q 1 where 7 c =. T 1 - T 2. T 1. HEAT PUMPS. RESERVIOR. T 1. Q 1.

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Integration of Heat and Power

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  1. Integration of Heat and Power

  2. HEAT ENGINES RESERVIOR T1 Q1 Heat Engine W Q2 T2 RESERVIOR First Law of Thermodynamics W = Q1 - Q2 Second Law of Thermodynamics W  7c Q1 where 7c = T1 - T2 T1

  3. HEAT PUMPS RESERVIOR T1 Q1 Heat Pump W Q2 T2 RESERVIOR First Law of Thermodynamics Q1 = W + Q2 Second Law of Thermodynamics W  7c Q1 where 7c = T1 - T2 T1

  4.  F1(=QHmin) T heat source F2 Q F3 F4 W F5 Q - W (F6) heat sink PINCH 0 F7 F8 F9 F10    = F1 + Q H Fn+1(=QCmin) = Fn+1 + Q - W C

  5. HEAT ENGINE O W cold utility T (Q-W)=F1 F2 hot utility F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH 0 F7 F8 F9 F10   Fn+1 = Q H = Fn+1 C

  6.  T F1 + O F2 F3 F4 F5 HEAT ENGINE (F6) PINCH 0 W F7 F8+(Q-W) F9+(Q-W) F10+(Q-W)   Fn+1+(Q-W) = F + Q H = Fn+1 + Q - W C

  7. F1 T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH 0 F7 F8 F9 F10 = F1 H   = Q - W C O = Fn+1 HEAT ENGINE (d) W (Q-W)

  8. Q Q W W (Q-W) = F1 T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH 0 F7 F8 F9 F10 : Q + Q H   : Fn+1 + (Q - W) C (Q-W) Fn+1 (a)

  9. Q ZERO FLOW W T X1 F2 = 0 X2 F3 = 0 X3 F4 = 0 X4 F5 = 0 X5 (F6) PINCH 0 (= F1 in (a)) F7 F8 F9 F10 : Q H   : Fn+1 C Fn+1 (b)

  10. F1 - W T F2 W Q + W F3 Q F4 Q W Q HEAT PUMP F5 (F6) PINCH 0 F7 F8 F9 F10 IN : F1 - W + W   OUT : Fn+1 Fn+1 (b)

  11. F1 T F2 F3 F4 F5 (F6) PINCH 0 F7 Q + W F8+Q+W F9+Q+W W Q HEAT PUMP F10 + W IN : F1 + W   OUT : Fn+1 + W Fn+1 + W (b)

  12. F1 -(Q+W) T F2 -(Q+W) F3 -(Q+W) F4 -(Q+W) F5 -(Q+W) Q + W (F6) PINCH 0 W Q HEAT PUMP F7  Q F8  Q IN : F1 - (Q+W) = F - Q F9  Q OUT : Fn+1 - Q F10 Q   Fn+1 + W (c)

  13. Complex Distillation Configurations

  14. (a) A A B C A B C B B C B C C Figure 5.1 The direct and indirect sequences of simple distillation columns for a three-component separation. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  15. (b) A B A A B C A B C A B B C Figure 5.1(續) The direct and indirect sequences of simple distillation columns for a three-component separation. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  16. A A B C B (Vapor Sidestream) C (a) More than 50% middle component and less than 5% heaviest component. Figure 5.10 Distillation columns with three products. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  17. A A B C B (Liquid Sidestream) C (b) More than 50% middle component and less than 5% lightest component. Figure 5.10(續) Distillation columns with three products. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  18. Partial Condenser A A B A B C B B B C Partial Reboiler C (a) Sequence for three product separation using nonadjacent keys (b) Figure 5.11 Choosing nonadjacent keys leads to the prefractionator arrangement.

  19. Partial Condenser A A B A B C B B C Partial Reboiler C (a) (b) Prefractionator arrangement Figure 5.11(續) Choosing nonadjacent keys leads to the prefractionator arrangement.

  20. A COLUMN 1 A B C A B C B COLUMN 2 B C B C C Figure 5.12 Composition profiles for the middle product in the columns of the direct sequence show remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  21. COLUMN TOP COLUMN 1 COLUMN 2 RE-MIXING IN COLUMN 1 COLUMN BOTTOM Mole Fraction of B 0 1.0 Figure 5.12(續) Composition profiles for the middle product in the columns of the direct sequence show remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  22. Partial Condenser A A B C B Partial Reboiler C Figure 5.13 Composition profiles for the middle product in the prefractionator arrangement show that there are no remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  23. COLUMN TOP MAIN COLUMN Prefractionator Top Prefractionator Feed Sidestream Stage Prefractionator Bottom PREFRACTIONATOR COLUMN BOTTOM 0 1.0 Mole Fraction of B Figure 5.13(續) Composition profiles for the middle product in the prefractionator arrangement show that there are no remixing effects. (From Triantafyllou and Smith, Trans. IChemE, part A, 70: 118, 1992; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  24. A B 1 2 3 4 A B C C (a) Thermally-coupled direct sequence (b) Figure 5.14 Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.

  25. A B 1 2 4 3 A B C C (a) (b) Side-rectifier arrangement Figure 5.14(續) Thermal coupling of the direct sequence.

  26. A 1 2 3 4 A B C B C (a) Thermally-coupled indirect sequence (b) Figure 5.15 Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.

  27. A 3 2 1 A B C 4 B C (a) (b) Side-Stripper arrangement Figure 5.14(續) Thermal coupling of the indirect sequence.

  28. Partial Condenser A A B C B Partial Reboiler C (a) Prefractionator arrangement (b) Figure 5.17 The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

  29. A Main Column A B C B C (a) (b) Thermally coupled prefractionator(Petlyuk Column) Figure 5.17(續) The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

  30. A Main Column A B C B (b) (C) Dividing wall column C Figure 5.17(續) The thermally coupled prefractionator can be arranged in a single shell.

  31. T A A B C  B C2 C1  C H Figure 5.18 Relationship between heat load and level in simple and prefractionator sequences. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

  32. T A A B C   B C2 C H Figure 5.18(續) Relationship between heat load and level in simple and prefractionator sequences. (From Smith and Linnhoff, Trans. IChemE, ChERD, 66: 195, 1988; reproduced by permission of the Institution of Chemical Engineers.)

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