Sister Collista Roy’s Adaptation Model Presented by: SujataKarki SitaMaharjan Kudzai Shana

1. Sister Collista Roy’s Adaptation Model Presented by: SujataKarki SitaMaharjan Kudzai Shana Wendy Schultze Lindsey Johnson

2. Biography • 1939 – born in Los Angeles, CA • 1963 – earned a B.A. in nursing from Mount St Mary’s College in LA • 1966 – earned a M.S.N. from the University of CA • 1973 – was awarded an M.A. in sociology from University of CA • 1977 – was awarded a Ph.D in sociology from University of CA • She is a member of Sisters of St Joseph of Carondolet • While completing her M.A., she was challenged by one of her nursing • teachers to create a conceptual model for nursing, and that is when she • began to develop her Adaptation Model which was first published in • Nursing Outlook in 1970. Since then she has published numerous books, • chapters, and articles about the Roy Adaptation Model.

3. Adaptation Model Sister Callista Roy developed the Roy Adaptation Model based on a belief that “ Human being is an open system”. Model applies the two concepts of systems and adaptation to nursing practice. System refers to a grouping of units that are related and connected thus forming a unified whole. (It can be an individual family, group, community, or society) Adaptation refers to an effective mechanism that promotes integrity for a person, or a group of persons in term of survival, growth, reproduction, environmental transformation, and mastery.

4. Theory: A person is a biophysical being (system) in constant interaction with a changing environment, and that person has four different modes of adaptation. Each client system is affected by change in internal or external change in environment resulting in necessity for active coping to restore integrity. Variable level of adaptation: i) Positive adaptation: Stimuli that falls within the zone of adaptation that support integrity ii) Negative response: Stimuli that falls outside the zone of adaptation and do not support integrity or adaptation.

5. Four Adaptive Modes Physiologic Physiological: Behavior pertaining to physical aspect of human system (physical, chemical). Thus , nurse must be knowledgable about the normal process, and five basic needs (Oxygenation, nutrition, elimination, activity and rest, protection) Self-Concept group identity: It focuses on psychological and spiritual aspect of human system. So it is necessary to know who one is so that one can exist with a sense of unity, meaning, and purposefulness. It has two modes: Personal self, and physical self Role function: It is a set of expectations about how a person occupying one position behaves toward a person occupying another position. It is a basic need or social integrity, the need to know who one is in relation to others – Interdependence: Behaviour pertaining to interdependent relationships of individuals and groups . It focus on the close relationships of people and their purpose. Every relationship exist for some reason that involves the willingness and ability to give to others and accept from others. It is giving and receiving of love respect, and value.

6. This framework is based in nursing theory, psychological theory, and psycho-social theory. Since nursing goals are to promote adaptation for individuals, and group contributing to health, quality of life, and dying with dignity. It is done by assessing behavior and factor that influence adaptive abilities, and by intervening to expand those abilities and to enhance environmental interactions.

7. Four Major Concepts: Humans are wholistic, adaptive systems as both individuals and groups. The environment is made up of internal and external stimuli from around the individual or group system. Health is defined as “a state and process of being and becoming an integrated whole as a human being. The goal of nursing is the promotion of the four modes of adaptation, thereby supporting the overall integrity of the human adaptive system.

8. The concepts show a correlation between humans and the environment. Humans constantly adapt to the ever dynamic environment. The conditions and circumstances that surround us influence our behavior and development. Nurses strive to promote human integrity.

9. Application to nursing practice As said before, Sister Callista Roy viewed humans as being an adaptive system When the person cannot maintain optimal health, nurses are needed to provide interventions It is a nurses duty to restore adaptation, help the patient with adaptive coping, and help the patient to achieve a better health state, if possible The medical profession works mainly on maintaining health and treating illness, whereas nurses work to support adaptive responses

10. Application Continued The nurse needs to enhance the interaction of the patient with their environment The nurse needs to help the patient adapt to new situations easily The nurse must know normal and basic processes of the body

11. Roy’s 6 Step Nursing Process: 1. Assess behaviors 2. Assess the stimuli affecting behaviors 3. Nurse makes a statement or nursing diagnosis of the person’s adaptive state 4. The nurse sets goals to achieve adaptation 5. The nurse makes interventions aimed toward managing the stimuli that promote adaptation 6. Evaluation- by manipulating stimuli and not the patient, the nurse enhances patient-environment interaction