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Dark Matter search in Space with AMS-02

Dark Matter search in Space with AMS-02. Francesca Spada INFN Rome - Italy for the AMS-02 Collaboration XXIèmes Rencontres de Blois - 24/6/2009. Precision cosmology…. “Standard” cosmological model describes a Universe flat, homogeneous and isotropic on large scale

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Dark Matter search in Space with AMS-02

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  1. Dark Matter search in Spacewith AMS-02 Francesca Spada INFN Rome - Italy for the AMS-02 Collaboration XXIèmes Rencontres de Blois - 24/6/2009

  2. Precision cosmology… “Standard” cosmological model describes a Universe • flat, homogeneous and isotropic on large scale • composed of: Neutrinos Baryons Dark Matter Dark Energy

  3. AMS GeV TeV PeV EeV ZeV Precision cosmology in the spectrum of Cosmic Rays The presence of dark matter annihilation products provides a modification of the Cosmic Rays spectrum provided one has enough sensitivity to detect it AMS-02: a large acceptance magnetic spectrometer in space Large acceptance, long exposure time  high statistics In space  negligible environmental background

  4. FINLAND RUSSIA HELSINKI UNIV. UNIV. OF TURKU I.K.I. ITEP KURCHATOV INST. MOSCOW STATE UNIV. DENMARK UNIV. OF AARHUS NETHERLANDS GERMANY ESA-ESTEC NIKHEF NLR RWTH-I RWTH-III MAX-PLANK INST. UNIV. OF KARLSRUHE KOREA USA EWHA KYUNGPOOK NAT.UNIV. FLORIDA A&M UNIV. JOHNS HOPKINS UNIV. MIT - CAMBRIDGE NASA GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER NASA JOHNSON SPACE CENTER TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY UNIV. OF MARYLAND-DEPRT OF PHYSICS UNIV. OF MARYLAND-E.W.S. S.CENTER YALE UNIV. - NEW HAVEN FRANCE ROMANIA CHINA BISEE (Beijing) IEE (Beijing) IHEP (Beijing) SJTU (Shanghai) SEU (Nanjing) SYSU (Guangzhou) SDU (Jinan) GAM MONTPELLIER LAPP ANNECY LPSC GRENOBLE ISS UNIV. OF BUCHAREST SWITZERLAND ETH-ZURICH UNIV. OF GENEVA SPAIN TAIWAN CIEMAT - MADRID I.A.C. CANARIAS. ACAD. SINICA (Taiwan) AIDC (Taiwan) CSIST (Taiwan) NCU (Chung Li) NCKU (Tainan) NCTU (Hsinchu) NSPO (Hsinchu) ITALY ASI CARSO TRIESTE IROE FLORENCE INFN & UNIV. OF BOLOGNA INFN & UNIV. OF MILANO INFN & UNIV. OF PERUGIA INFN & UNIV. OF PISA INFN & UNIV. OF ROMA INFN & UNIV. OF SIENA MEXICO UNAM PORTUGAL LAB. OF INSTRUM. LISBON The AMS-02 Collaboration 16 Countries, 57 Institutes, 500 Physicists

  5. The International Space Station Dimensions: 108 x 80 m2 Inclination: 51.57°, 15.62 revs/d DT: -60 ÷ +40 °C Orbit: ellyptic at 400 km

  6. Geometrical acceptance: 0.45 m2sr The AMS-02 detector TRD e/p separation Electronics crates TOF b, Z RICH b, Z Electromagnetic CALorimeter e/p separation, E CRYOMAGNET and TRACKER Z, R • Total weight » 7 T

  7. Magnet Tracker RICH TRD TOF ECAL 16 X0 of Lead + Scint. Fibers Standalone Trigger e,  detection sE <3% for E > 10 GeV e/p separation > 103 3D imaging 2+2 layers of scintillators Main Trigger Dt ~160 ps Z separation b with few % precision Coils cooled to 1.8 K by superfluid He Dipolar field BL2 = 0.85 Tm2 Fleece radiator + straw tubes (Xe:CO2) e/p separation > 102 up to 300 GeV 3D tracking Double-sided silicon microstrip detector Z separation R up to 2-3 TeV sR < 2% for R < 10 GeV Z and isotopes separation smass = 2% below 10 GeV/n b with 0.1% precision The AMS-02 detector First Superconducting Magnet ever operating in Space!

  8. The physics of AMS-02

  9. Indirect search of CDM  detection of neutralino annihilation products cc annihilations can produce • Neutrinos • e+ • Photons • P • Antideuterons AMS ~1 s AMS ~1 hour AMS ~1 day AMS ~1 year Channels accessible to AMS

  10. AMS will collect about 105 positrons in the 10 < E < 50 GeV region, in 3 years Main background sources: rel. abundance rejection factor protons~ 104 102 -103[TRD] x 103 [ECAL]³105 electrons~ 10 104[TOF+Tracker] Dark matter search: Positrons p e+

  11. Dark matter search: Positrons

  12. Antimatter search: Expected limits on anti-He AMS will collect in three years 2x109 nuclei with energies up to 2 TeV Sensitivity up to anti-Iron The limit put by precursor flight AMS-01 will be increased of a factor 103 If no antinucleus is observed  there is no antimatter to the edge of the observable universe (~ 1000 Mpc)

  13. AMS-02: Status

  14. AMS-02 pre-integration completed in 2008

  15. The magnet arrived at CERN dec. 2008

  16. From He gas to liquid He Magnet cool-down at CERN apr-jun 2009 • Pumped gaseous He at 90 K, then liquid He at 2.7 K  superfluid transition • System is leaktight to superfluid He • 2400 l of superfluid He transfered to the vessel • Tcoils down to 1.8 K • Current in the magnet up to 360 A

  17. AMS-02 is scheduled on the July 2010 Shuttle flight

  18. Conclusions • During its 3 year mission, AMS-02 will measure spectra of particles and nuclei up to Iron in the GeV-TeV range • Dark matter indirect search: • measure simultaneously and with unprecedented precision the rates and spectra of positrons, photons, antiprotons, antideuteron • confirm or disprove with high accuracy the existing positron data in the few GeV region • Antimatter search: • If no antinucleus is observed the hypothesis of barion asymmetry will be strongly favoured as no antimatter areas are present in the observable universe • Accurate study of CR composition and energy spectrum (H, He, B/C, 9Be/10Be) • Search of new types of matter (strangelets) Next: magnet commissioning + final detector integration In 2009, AMS-02 will be ready at NASA KSC for the launch to the ISS

  19. Looking forward to be at KSC!

  20. Thank you!

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