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The Cell Life Cycle

The Cell Life Cycle. Learning Objectives. Describe the cell life cycle. Understand the role of cell division in the cell cycle. Understand the process of terminal differentiation in cells Describe mitosis and cellular differentiation. Describe meiosis and contrast it with mitosis.

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The Cell Life Cycle

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  1. The Cell Life Cycle

  2. Learning Objectives • Describe the cell life cycle. • Understand the role of cell division in the cell cycle. • Understand the process of terminal differentiation in cells • Describe mitosis and cellular differentiation. • Describe meiosis and contrast it with mitosis.

  3. Cell division • Cell division is the reproduction of cells • Apoptosis is the genetically controlled death of cells • Mitosis is the nuclear division of somatic cells • Meiosis produces sex cells

  4. Interphase • Most somatic cells spend the majority of their lives in this phase • Interphase includes • G1 • S • G2

  5. The Cell Life Cycle

  6. DNA Replication

  7. Mitosis, or nuclear division, has four phases • Prophase • Metaphase • Anaphase • Telophase During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides and cell division ends

  8. Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

  9. Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis

  10. Mitotic rate and cancer • Generally, the longer the life expectancy of the cell, the slower the mitotic rate • Stem cells undergo frequent mitoses • Growth factors can stimulate cell division • Abnormal cell division produces tumors or neoplasms • Benign • Malignant (invasive, and cancerous) • Spread via metastasis • Oncogenes

  11. Chromosomes in Mitosis and Meiosis Figure 28.6

  12. Differentiation • Process of specialization • Results from inactivation of particular genes • Produces populations of cells with limited capabilities • Differentiated cells form tissues

  13. You should now be familiar with: • The cell life cycle. • Mitosis and cellular differentiation. • Terminal differentiation and the Go phase. • Meiosis and cell ploidy.

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