Memory Ch. 6th - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Memory Ch. 6th

Dr. Ashlea Smith

• Show and Tell Activity (Monday 10/13/08)
• The Personal Timeline Exercise (Monday 10/13/08)
• Reading and finishing Ch. 6!
• Test questions/corrections

• Definition
• Examples: assassination of JFK, MLK, Challenger explosion, O.J. verdict, death of Princess Diana, death of JFK Jr. , the Columbine High School shootings, Shootings at Virginia Tech
• Exercise on FB
• Location, ongoing event, informant, emotional affect in self/others, & aftermath

• Schemas and Memory
• List of words
• Memorization
• Report

• A. Information we receive from our senses
• B. Where we store our memories
• C. Information that is processed
• D. Memory for a surprising situation, emotionally arousing, and usually of national/international significance

• D. Memory for a surprising situation, emotionally arousing, and usually of national/international significance
• Give some examples of FB memories

• Location-Where did you hear the news
• Ongoing event-What were you doing when you heard the news
• Informant-Who told you about the event
• Emotional Affect in Self/Others-emotional reactions in self/others
• Aftermath-remembering what you did after you heard the news

• A receiving info. from the senses, organizing and storing the info, while retrieving the info. from storage
• B. the unconditioned stimulus, the conditioned stimulus, and the conditioned response
• C. bottom up processing, selective attention, top-down processing
• D. acquisition, extinction, and recovery

A receiving info. from the senses, organizing and storing the info, while retrieving the info. from storage

• Correct answer A

• A. encoding
• B. storing
• C. retrieving
• D. Evaluating

A. encoding

• Correct answer

• A. encoding
• B. storage
• C. Retrieval
• D. evaluation

B. storage

• Correct answer

• Active system that receives info. from the senses, organizes, and alters it as it stores it away
• Retrieves the info from the storage
• 3 processes of Memory: encoding, storage, & retrieval

• Encoding-info from senses convert this info. to usable data stored in the brain
• Storage-process of holding on to info
• Retrieval-finding/getting info

• Information processing model-focuses on the way new data is processed (3 processes of memory)
• Parallel distribution processing model-info. processed according to the meaning

• Levels of processing model-info more deeply processed (more likely to be remembered)
• Stages of memory

• Sensory memory-1st stage, controlled by our senses, ex: double take (2 types)
• Iconic sensory memory- (visual), afterimage
• Echoic sensory memory-(hearing) echo
• Selective attention-process brain focuses/sorts through info to focus on one stimulus

• AKA “Working memories”
• Info from our senses--------STM
• Held brief periods of time
• How we lose it?

• Memories kept permanently
• Unlimited capacity
• Deeply processed by meaning/epistemology/ontology
• Retain/Retrieve

• Procedural memories-”procedures”/”patterns”, skills, habits
• Implicit memories-difficult to bring into conscious awareness ex. How to tie your shoe
• Explicit memories-insight/awareness, word meanings, ex: science concepts/math
• LTM storage- in form of semantic networks, info connected/related stored together
• Semantic memory-meanings of words, ex: Jeopardy, who wants to be a millionaire

• Retrieval cues-”stimulus for remembering”, more cues the easier to remember a piece of info.
• Encoding specificity-ability to remember info. if you can associate it with a surrounding or physical state
• State dependent learning- memories associated with state of mind

• Memories retrieved with few or no external cues
• Questions act as retrieval cues
• Tip of the tongue (TOT)

• Need to look at, hear info, & match it to what is stored
• Easier to answer, just need to match info. already stored in memory
• False positives

• Serial position effect- easier to remember info. given at the beginning & end
• Ex: list of words
• Primacy effect-easier to remember 1st word
• Recency effect-easy to remember last word

• Flashbulb memories- Ex. In-class exercise with 9/11/01, automatic encoding, long term memories, permanent storage

• “Our perception is our reality”
• Continuously revised, edited, & altered

• Constructive processing-when a memory is retrieved it includes the new changes
• Hindsight bias- hindsight is 20/20
• Ex: watching sporting event

• False memory syndrome- when under hypnosis
• Retrograde amnesia-memory prior to injury
• Anterograde amnesia-memory for anything new
• Electroconvulsant therapy

• Alzheimer’s Disease-starts with anterograde amnesia and then as disease progresses retrograde amnesia.

• Cerebellum-procedural memories
• Prefontal and temporal lobes of the cortex-short-term memories & semantic/episodic memories (different location)

• Hippocampus- new long term memories (w/o this you can no longer store new memories)
• Amygdala-memory of fear of objects