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Otto Leowi and the Frog Hearts

Otto Leowi and the Frog Hearts. 1. What is the problem? 2. What is the hypothesis? 3. Did he test his hypothesis? Experiment or Correlation? 4. What were the results? 5. Was this experiment ethical? Why or Why not?. Otto Leowi and the Frog Hearts. Neurotransmitters.

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Otto Leowi and the Frog Hearts

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  1. Otto Leowi and the Frog Hearts • 1. What is the problem? • 2. What is the hypothesis? • 3. Did he test his hypothesis? Experiment or Correlation? • 4. What were the results? • 5. Was this experiment ethical? Why or Why not?

  2. Otto Leowi and the Frog Hearts

  3. Neurotransmitters How do drugs and other chemicals affect neurotransmission?

  4. Neurotransmitters: What do they do? • Responsible for transmitting information across the synaptic cleft (or synapse) • Released from terminal buttons. • Bind to receptor sites • Extra neurotransmitter is returned to the cell– reuptake

  5. Neurotransmitters: What do they do? • The nervous system communicates accurately because there are so many neurotransmitters and because they work only at matching receptor sites.

  6. Neurotransmitters: What do they do? • Researchers have discovered 15-20 different neurotransmitters. • Different Neurotransmitters do different things.

  7. Agonists: Their affect on Neurotransmitters • Chemicals that mimic the action of a particular neurotransmitter • They bind to receptors and generate action potential (also known as post- synaptic potential)

  8. Agonists: An example • Nicotine is an acetylcholine agonist • It mimics acetylcholine enough to compete for receptors.

  9. Agonists: Nicotine When both nicotine and acetylcholine bind to receptors, nerve fibers become highly stimulated, producing alertness and elation

  10. Antagonists: Their affect on Neurotransmitters • Chemicals that block the action of a particular neurotransmitter. • Bind to receptor sites, but can’t produce action potential • Prevents neuro- transmitters from acting.

  11. Antagonists: An example • Curare is an acetylcholine antagonist. • It binds to the receptor sites at nerve-muscle junctions and prevents communication between nerves and muscles.

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