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Russia. Czar – Russian name for Caesar. Ivan III – (the Great) ends the Mongol yoke and takes the title Czar Slavs – ethnic people of Eastern Europe/Russia Vikings – Germanic tribe of Northern Europe who invaded throughout Europe in the 800’s.
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Czar – Russian name for Caesar. • Ivan III – (the Great) ends the Mongol yoke and takes the title Czar • Slavs – ethnic people of Eastern Europe/Russia • Vikings – Germanic tribe of Northern Europe who invaded throughout Europe in the 800’s. • Mongols – Asian nomadic tribe that invaded Russia and established the world’s largest empire. • - Genghis Khan – leader of Mongols • Yaroslav the Wise – created Russia’s law code
Rise of Russia • Area inhabited by Slavs • Vikings arrive using river system • Set up state based on trade & conquest around 9th Century • State founded by Rurik • Capital at Kiev • People called Rus
Kievan Rus • “Third Rome” • Decentralized government • Divided into provinces • Constant strife between boyars and princes • Constant threat of nomadic invasion
Origins • It is believed Rurik, a Viking, settled in the city of Novgorod in 862 CE • Rurik joined the city of Novgorod and Kiev to create Russia • Kiev became the major trading city
The Founders of Kiev Three Brothers: Kyi, Schek, and Khoryv Кий, Щек, Хорив
Kiev • Kiev becomes a major trade center and eventually adopts Orthodox __________ under the rule of Vladimir I around 980. • Orthodox Christianity was selected because of ties to ____________ which includes trade and the belief that the Emperor was head of the church as well. Christianity Constantinople
Russia & Christianity • Prince Vladimir converted in 989 CE • Converted for trade, commercial reasons • Elites baptized by order of prince, often against will • Missionary – St. Cyril Famous Russian onion domes
Kiev Expands Because of its close ties to the ____________ Empire, Kiev grew in prominence and was considered an ally and __________ of Constantinople. The _______ of Constantinople sent teachers to spread the faith and _______ the masses. Kiev became the first unified state in Russia. Byzantine protectorate Patriarch educate
Yaroslav the Wise • United the former kingdom of ___________ with Kiev to expand his Empire • Created Russia’s first _____ _______, the Russkaya Pravda, to bring about unity. • Attacked Constantinople in 1043 unsuccessfully • Ruled Kiev _____ to 1054 Novgorod Law Code 1019
Reading the Russkaya Pravda in Kiev Yaroslav I - the Wise
Kiev Falls The Kievan king, __________ dies in 1054 leaving his kingdom to multiple heirs. This resulted in the fracturing of the ________ ______ into multiple principalities: a region controlled by a _________. This would weaken the Russians just as a fierce threat emerged, the ____________. Yaroslav Kievan Rus prince Mongols
Mongol InvasionThe Tatar Yoke (1237 – 1480) • Mongols invade and take over Kiev • Russian princes collect tribute and pay it to the Mongols as a from of homage.
Ivan I(Moneybags) • The Mongols helped _______ Russia by forcing the Princes to submit to their puppet ruler. • Ivan I, from the city of ________, was appointed as the Mongol emissary. • He collected _________ and paid it to the Mongols after keeping a share for himself. • He invested in ________, modernizing the city. unite Moscow tribute Moscow
Ivan III (The Great)1462 - 1505 • Took the title “Grand Duke of all the Russians” • Claimed Russia was the _______ ________. • Ended the Tatar Yoke in 1480 • Took the title ________, Russian for Caesar. • Made a new law code • Created the noble class - _________ Third Rome Tsar Boyars
The Palace of Facets Commissioned by Ivan III
Ivan IV(Ivan the Terrible: 1533 – 1547) • Had St. Basil’s constructed in _________. • His wife, Anastasia Romanovna, died early – possibly murdered by the __________. • Accidentally killed his son in a fight. • Created the Oprichnina system as a way to “get back” at the boyars. Moscow Boyars
Oprichnina • Direct control over the nobles by: • Arranging all ____________. • Could strip a boyar of their title. • Ruling with the first ________ police. marriages secret The Oprichniki: a ________ squad. Killed as many as 60,000 in the Massacre of ______________. death Novgorod
Ivan the Terrible at the deathbed of his first and most-beloved wife, Anastasia Romanovna. Ivan married 7 times, sometimes divorcing a wife a week after the marriage. Ivan the Terrible
The Mongols Temujin, a Mongol chieftan united many Mongolian tribes and would take the title “Ghengis Khan” or Universal Ruler. Regions conquered by Ghengis would become “provinces” that were referred to as “Khanate”… or kingdoms. TACTICS: Mongols used FEAR to conquer enemies. They used the technique of “false retreat” They are superior horsemen.
Kublai Khan • Ghengis Khan’s Grandson • Founded the Yuan Dynasty in China • Conquered most of China • Met with Marco Polo, according to legend
Marco Polo • An Italian (Venetian) • Father was a trader who sat up business in Constantinople, which was burned in 1206 forcing them to flee • Resided in what would become the Mongol “Ilkhanate” • They (and Marco) became ambassadors for the Khans and since they spoke Latin, were sent as emissaries to Pope Gregory X • 1274 Marco Polo (then 17 years old) began his journey as a mediator between the Pope and the Great Khan
The Fra Mauro Map 1453
