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Macromolecules

Macromolecules. The substances of LIFE. Macromolecules. Macro= Large or many Molecule= arranged atoms Macromolecules= large arrangements of atoms Macromolecules are big ORGANIC molecules. What is an Organic Molecule?. Macromolecules are ORGANIC Organic substances are contain Carbon

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Macromolecules

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  1. Macromolecules The substances of LIFE

  2. Macromolecules • Macro= Large or many • Molecule= arranged atoms • Macromolecules= large arrangements of atoms • Macromolecules are big ORGANIC molecules

  3. What is an Organic Molecule? • Macromolecules are ORGANIC • Organic substances are contain Carbon • All organic molecules are contain carbon in their basic structure

  4. Carbon An element that is used by organic life forms to make molecules of the body. Carbon molecules can form straight chains, branched chains or rings

  5. Organic vs. Inorganic • Contain Carbon (C) • C6H12O6 • C12H22O11 • Carbs, Lipids and Proteins • Do Not Contain C • H2O • CO2 • CO

  6. Types of Molecules • A single molecular unit is called a monomer • Multiple monomers attached together is a polymer

  7. Monomers and Polymers This is a glucose It contains a carbon skeleton with hydrogen and oxygen attached to it We can simplify its shape as this A single unit of this molecule is a MONOMER Having multiple units is a POLYMER

  8. The Macromolecules of Life: Carbohydrates • We begin with carbohydrates… • Carbohydrates are sugars we eat on a daily basis • Source of quick energy for our body • Carbohydrates are ALWAYS found in the Ratio of : 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen = 1:2:1 • Remember this shape? • It is a carbohydrate monomer called glucose Glucose= C6H12O6 (KNOW FOR TEST)

  9. The simplest carbohydrate is called glucose • Glucose is a monomer that is found in sugary foods such as these

  10. Polymers of carbohydrates look like this These complex sugars are found in foods like bread, cereal and pasta When would it be good for your body to eat foods like these?

  11. If glucose molecules are arranged in different ways, other kinds of Complex carbs are formed In plants In animals Cellulose: Used by plants as a building material Glycogen: Used by animals to store excess glucose Starch: Used by plants to store excess glucose

  12. Carbohydrates • Known as carbs or sugars • Ratio of 1 Carbon to 2 Hydrogen to 1 Oxygen = 1:2:1 • Calories: 4 per glucose Monomer Name: Monosaccharide Example: Glucose Atoms: C6H12O6 Polymer Name: Polysaccharide Example: Glycogen, Starch, Cellulose Atoms: C12H22O11 or more!

  13. Macromolecules The substances of LIFE

  14. The Macromolecules of Life: Lipids What can you eat that has more energy than Carbs? FATS! Lipids (fats and oils) can store enough energy that they can even hold a flame! Lipids contain ContainC, H and O but in no particular ratio

  15. What foods contain lipids? Meats: poultry, seafood, beef, pork Dairy: eggs, milk, cheese, butter Snack foods: Chips, cookies, cake, french fries

  16. Uses for Lipids: 1. Long Term Energy Storage We use fatty acids for energy when we work out and carbs. have been used up 2. Structure of cells Every cell has a cell membrane that is made of Phospholipids. 3. Messengers Steroids are lipids that carry messages through the blood stream 4. Insulation Warmth and protection

  17. Lipid Monomers: A Glycerin Molecule And…. = Three Fatty acids Bonded together, they form a lipid. Ex: C8H195O4, oils, waxes, steroids Lipid polymers are long chains of these Fatty Acids

  18. Types of Lipids • Two kinds of lipids: saturated and unsaturated. • Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond in one of the fatty acids • Saturated fats have no double bonds.

  19. Macromolecules The substances of LIFE

  20. If I am trying to get strong, what do I eat? MEAT! a.k.a.Proteins Proteins are used as structural components in all cells! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0xpuub2DBB8

  21. Monomers of Proteins are: Amino acids: - 20 different molecules that combine to make all proteins These are just two

  22. Proteins contain C, H, O and N Proteins are held together by peptide bonds Peptide bonds are created between a carbon atom and a nitrogen atom.

  23. Protein Uses: Construction: Proteins build components inside and outside our cells Enzyme reactions: Enzymes are special proteins that build or break down materials inside or outside the cells

  24. Nucleic Acids: The cells Blueprint DNA &RNA DeoxyriboNucleicAcid & RiboNucleicAcid The momoners that makes nucleic acids are NUCLEOTIDES Phosphate group Ribose Sugar Nitrogen Base

  25. DNA: Contains all the genetic material that is needed by the cell. It is found in a “Double Helix”, two twists in a clockwise spiral. RNA: A single strand of Nucleotides that carries genetic material out of the nucleus to be processed.

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