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Five Main Types of Chemical Reactions

Five Main Types of Chemical Reactions. Combustion synthesis decomposition single replacement (displacement) double replacement (displacement). 1. Combustion Reactions.

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Five Main Types of Chemical Reactions

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  1. Five Main Types of Chemical Reactions • Combustion • synthesis • decomposition • single replacement (displacement) • double replacement (displacement)

  2. 1. Combustion Reactions • Reaction between an organic compound (must contain C and H) and oxygen. The products will be carbon dioxide and water. • Ex: CH4 + 2O2 ---> CO2 + 2H2O 2C2H6 + 7O2 ---> 4CO2 + 6H2O What do the two equations above have in common?

  3. 2. Synthesis: Two or more atoms or molecules combine to form a more complex compound; the building of larger molecules from smaller ones.

  4. Synthesis • Two pure elements might combine to form a binary compound EX: C + O2 --- CO2 or C + O2 --- CO • Metal oxides tend to combine with water to produce metal hydroxides EX: CaO + H2O -- Ca(OH)2

  5. Synthesis • Some nonmetal oxides tend to combine with water to form an acid EX: CO2 + H2O -- H2CO3

  6. 3. Decomposition: A more complex substance breaks down into its more simple parts.

  7. Decomposition Binary compounds tend to decompose into their individual elements. EX: Cs2O -- Cs + O2 The products of some synthesis reactions may be reversed to become decomposition reactions.

  8. Decomposition • Metal hydroxides may decompose into a metal oxide and water Ex: Ca(OH)2 -- CaO + H2O • Metal carbonates may decompose into a metal oxide and carbon dioxide EX: CaCO3 -- CaO + CO2

  9. Predict the products of … • Mg + Br2 → • MgCO₃ → • S + O₂ → • C₄H₈ + O₂ →

  10. Predict the products of … • Mg + Br → MgBr₂ • MgCO₃ → Mg + CO₃ • S + O₂ → SO₂ • C₄H₈ + 6O₂ → 4CO₂ + 4H₂O What type of reaction is each of the above?

  11. Single Displacement (Replacement) • A single uncombined element replaces another element in a compound. Usually a metal replaces a metal and a nonmetal replaces a nonmetal • Mg + Pb(NO3)2 -- Pb + Mg(NO3)2

  12. Predict the Products • Al (s) + CuCl₂ (aq) → • KI + Br2 ---- • Zn + 2HCl ---

  13. Predict the Products • Al (s) + CuCl₂ (aq) → AlCl₃ + Cu (s) • KI + Br2 ---- KBr + I2 • Zn + 2HCl --- ZnCl2 + H2

  14. 5. Double Displacement (Replacement): Parts of two compounds switch places to form two new compounds. • In displacement reactions, cations can only be replaced by another cation; an anion can only be replaced by another anion

  15. Predict the products • HCl + NaOH ----- • 2AgNO3 + CaCl2 --

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