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Sound Waves and Speeds: Exploring Acoustics and Frequencies

Dive into the fascinating world of sound waves, speeds, and frequencies with this informative photo album by Robert MacKay. Learn about longitudinal waves and how audible range decreases with age and damage. Discover the speed of sound in air, which varies based on temperature and molecular mass. Explore how thunder's delay after a lightning flash can indicate distance. Delve into the speed of sound in solids, the concept of beats, and deciphering frequency for guitar tuning. Unravel the Decibel Sound Level scale and its relationship to intensity levels. Enhance your understanding of acoustics and enjoy a rich exploration of sound phenomena.

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Sound Waves and Speeds: Exploring Acoustics and Frequencies

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  1. Photo Album by Robert MacKay

  2. Sound waves are longitudinal waves • http://faraday.physics.utoronto.ca/IYearLab/Intros/StandingWaves/Flash/tunefork.html

  3. Audible range 20 – 20,000 Hzdecreases with age and damage

  4. Speed of sound in Air • Depends of the air temperature. Higher air temperture the higher the speed. • Depends of the molecular mass of air. Faster in helium, slower in air, and slower yet in Xenon.

  5. During a lightning storm the thunder is heard 6 seconds after the flash. How far away was the lightning strike?

  6. During a lightning storm the thunder is heard 6 seconds after the flash. How far away was the lightning strike? 2 km

  7. Speed of sound in Air • Depends of the air temperature. Higher air temperture the higher the speed. • Depends of the molecular mass of air. Faster in helium, slower in air, and slower yet in Xenon.

  8. During a lightning storm the thunder is heard 10 seconds after the flash. How far away was the lightning strike?

  9. During a lightning storm the thunder is heard 10 seconds after the flash. How far away was the lightning strike? 2 miles

  10. Speed of sound in solids • Depends of the elasticity of solid. The stiffer the solid the higher the speed. • Depends of the solid density. The lower a solid’s density the higher the speed.

  11. Beats • The beat frequency is the difference between two frequencies.

  12. Beats are used in tuning • when tuning a guitar a beat frequency of 3 Hz is heard when comparing the sound from the guitar to 256 Hz tuning fork. • What is the guitar string’s frequency?

  13. Beats are used in tuning • when tuning a guitar a beat frequency of 3 Hz is heard when comparing the sound from the guitar to 256 Hz tuning fork. • What is the guitar string’s frequency? 253 or 259 Hz (can’t say for sure which one)

  14. Beats are used in tuning • when tuning a guitar a beat frequency of 3 Hz is heard when comparing the sound from the guitar to 256 Hz tuning fork. The string is then slightly tightened and a beat frequency of 4 Hz is observed. • What is the guitar string’s frequency now?

  15. Beats are used in tuning • when tuning a guitar a beat frequency of 3 Hz is heard when comparing the sound from the guitar to 256 Hz tuning fork. The string is then slightly tightened and a beat frequency of 4 Hz is observed. • What is the guitar string’s frequency now?260 Hz

  16. Decibel Sound Level

  17. it’s actually easy • intensity 10 (101) louder 10 dB higher • intensity 100 (102) louder 20 dB higher • intensity 1000 (103) louder 30 dB higher • intensity 10,000 (104) louder 40 dB higher • intensity 1,000,000 (106) louder 60 dB higher

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