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Ch 1 Introduction to Matter

Ch 1 Introduction to Matter. 1.1 Matter Has Mass & Volume. All objects are made of matter. Matter —anything that has mass & takes up space. All objects, liquids, gases, & living things are made of matter Energy is NOT matter (light, heat, sound).

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Ch 1 Introduction to Matter

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  1. Ch 1Introduction to Matter 1.1 Matter Has Mass & Volume

  2. All objects are made of matter Matter—anything that has mass & takes up space

  3. All objects, liquids, gases, & living things are made of matter • Energy is NOT matter (light, heat, sound)

  4. Mass is a measure of the amount of matter • Mass is measured by comparing the mass of an object with standard units of mass • Metric units of mass are gram, kilogram, etc.

  5. Weight does NOT equal mass! It is the downward pull of gravity on an object • An object’s mass does not vary • An object’s weight varies, depending on the amount of gravity (proportional to the planet size) • Weight is measured in Newtons (in the metric system) 1 pound = 4.4482216 N

  6. Volume (or area) is a measure of the space matter occupies • Units = cubic cm, squared cm, liter, mL, etc. • May be measured 2 ways • Formula, for particular shapes • Volume of a cube = L x W x H • Displacement, for objects with irregular shapes

  7. formula displacement

  8. 1.2 Matter is made of atoms • Atoms are extremely small • Scientists have identified more than 100 kinds

  9. Atoms combine to form molecules • A molecule can be made from 2 or more atoms (bonded together) • Water = 2 hydrogens for every 1 oxygen bonded together • Ozone = 3 oxygens bonded together

  10. Atoms & molecules are always in motion • Gases—molecules move fastest (bounce off each other) • Liquids (slide past each other) • Solids—molecules move slowest (twist or vibrate)

  11. 1.3 Matter combines to form different substances • Matter can be pure or mixed • Pure = contains only 1 type of substance • Mixed = contains 2 or more substances mixed together (may be a mixture of elements &/or compounds)

  12. Element—contains only 1 kind of atom (ex=gold)

  13. Compound—consists of 2 or more different types of atoms bonded togetherex= water, sodium chloride (table salt)

  14. Mixture—combination of different substances that retain their individual properties & can be separated by physical means (filters, distillation, etc.) Simple Distillation

  15. 2 types of mixtures • Heterogeneous—particles are not evenly dispersed • Homogeneous—mixed evenly throughout

  16. 1.4Matter exists in 4 different states states • Solid—particles are close together; they vibrate --has a fixed volume & shape 2. Liquid—particles are further apart; they can slide past each other --has a fixed volume but no fixed shape

  17. Gas—particles are not close together; they move about freely --have no fixed volume or shape 4. Plasma—electrons jump energy levels & emit light or energy

  18. Simple Distillation

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