Weather

1. Weather By: Malcolm Byron

2. Chapter 1 Tornadoes & Hurricanes • This Chapter you will learn about Tornadoes & Hurricanes like the strength scales they have and how they form so lets get started

3. Tornadoes • It still isn’t sure how tornadoes actually form but we still know a little on how they form • Most people say that when tornadoes form warm moist air meets cold dry air it is true but when warm moist air meets cold dry air it also creates a regular thunderstorm sometimes • Tornadoes are more likely to happen in a supercell thunderstorm Continued on next Slide

4. Tornadoes Part 2 • Tornadoes form when winds from all different directions meet and create a rotating horizontal tube once the updraft tilts the tube to a vertical tube & when it touches the wall cloud and the indivisible tube now is a cloud and the downdraft pushes the cloud to ground • A wall cloud is a low hanging cloud below a storm cloud (Otherwise known as a Cumulonimbus Cloud) there is no rain below it and usually it is positioned in the southwest portion on the storm and most likely will create a tornado Continued on next Slide

5. Tornadoes Part 3 • Although the US has most twisters than anywhere else in the world they mostly happen in the great plains or otherwise known as tornado ally Continued on next Slide

6. Tornadoes Part 4 • A waterspout is a weak funnel cloud that is over water but when it hits land it becomes a tornado and can strengthen • A tornado watch means that tornadoes are possible in the given area but a tornado warning take cover if it is in your area it means that a tornado has been spotted or a funnel cloud was spotted Continued on next Page

7. Tornadoes Part 5 • Did you know that inside a tornado that the barometric pressure is lower than anything the lower it gets the stronger the twister gets • Always make sure you have a tornado kit, like they say hope for the best prepare for the worst • During a tornado never go in a garage go to a basement or lower floor of the house stay in a room with no windows and cover yourself with pillows or blankets or even mattresses until it passes Continued on next slide

8. Tornadoes Part 6

9. Hurricanes • Hurricanes & Tropical Storms usually come from Africa's thunderstorms these thunderstorms meet warm tropical ocean waters which meet converging equilateral winds that create hurricanes • Hurricanes are groups of storms that rotate in the equilateral winds this creates violent seas which puts more water vapor into the air Continued on next Slide

10. Hurricanes Part 2 • The water vapor rises very quickly and with the storm rotating it creates a high wind speed • These group of storms begin to organize and for to one enormous storm and creates a center of low pressure • Bands of thunderstorms form making warm air rise into the atmosphere if the winds at these higher levels are light this allows the Tropical Depression, Storm or Hurricane to strengthen Continued on next Slide

11. Hurricanes Part 3 • The reason why Hurricanes weaken over land is because water vapor is important to the storm to live and Hurricanes can’t find much water vapor over land than in the sea so that’s why they weaken over land • A category 3 or higher is known a Major Hurricane when a Category 3 or higher strikes land it becomes a retired name or it could be less than a Category 3 but damage totals would have to be billions of dollars Continued on next slide

12. Hurricanes Part 4 • The eye of a Hurricane is the most calm part of it rain starts to stop you may even see sunshine it’s a time that winds die down but when the eye leaves the Hurricane is back • When a Hurricane is on the way take an emergency kit and go farther inland if you choose to ride out the storm never drive in floods stay on the lowest floor and be safe Continued on next Slide

13. Hurricanes Part 5 • A Hurricane Watch or Tropical Storm Watch means that a Hurricane or Tropical Storm is expected in the next 36 hours • A Hurricane Warning or Tropical Storm Warning means that a Hurricane or Tropical Storm is expected in the next 24 hours

14. Hurricanes Part 6

15. Chapter 2Clouds • In this chapter you will learn about the different clouds and what happens

16. Cirrus Clouds • Cirrus Clouds indicate nice fair weather for a day but watch for the direction of where they move because it usually means in 24 hours a change in weather will happen coming from where the Cirrus clouds are coming from

17. Cirrostratus Clouds • Cirrostratus Cloud are high thin sheet like cloud that cover the sky they are so thin that the moon and sun can be seen through these clouds but they also indicate a rain or snow storm in the next 12-24 hours

18. Altostratus Clouds • Altostratus Clouds are gray or bluish-gray clouds they usually cover the whole sky these cloud form most likely ahead of approaching storms or non-stop rain or snow

19. Altocumulus Clouds • Altocumulus Clouds appear to be gray puffy masses usually formed in groups If you see them on a warm sticky morning prepare for a thunder -storm in late afternoon

20. Stratus Clouds • Stratus Clouds are uniform gray which commonly cover the whole sky, light mist or drizzle usually comes out these clouds

21. Stratocumulus Clouds • Stratocumulus Clouds are low lying very puffy and gray Rain is rare form these clouds but they can turn into Nimbostratus Clouds

22. Nimbostratus Clouds • Nimbostratus Clouds are dark gray clouds that usually cause precipitation light to moderate, precipitation with these clouds last continuously

23. Cumulus Clouds • Cumulus Clouds are white puffy clouds indicating fair weather but when the top of the cumulus clouds resemble the head of a cauliflower, it is called cumulus congestus or towering cumulus. These clouds grow upward and they can develop into giant cumulonimbus clouds

24. Cumulonimbus Clouds • Cumulonimbus Clouds are storm clouds high winds flatten the top making the cloud anvil shaped the anvil usually points in which the storm is moving these clouds produce lightning, hail, tornadoes, lightning. Thunder, and rain

25. Mammatus Clouds • Mammatus clouds associate with severe weather they are bulges that hang down from cumulonimbus clouds

26. Green Clouds • If you see Green Clouds they often produce severe weather , we are not completely sure how they form but it might have to do with a high amount of water droplets and hail, In tornado ally they produce hail and tornadoes

27. Chapter 3Earthquakes • In this Chapter you will learn about how Earthquakes happen.

28. Earthquakes • An Earthquake is when faults slide past each other moving back and forth • There are 3 types of Boundaries one is a Transform Boundary then a Divergent Boundary then a Convergent Boundary • One of the Boundary of the 3 causes Earthquakes. It is the Transform Boundary It is when Tectonic Plates Slide Past Each other

29. Continental Drift • Have you ever heard of Pangea it is the theory of when all the continents were one giant land mass • In about a few million years the world will unite in Pangea if Continental Drift is true • There are certain Boundaries that cause Earthquakes those are the three Boundaries that cause Continental Drift

30. The 3 Boundaries • Transform Boundary: The Boundary that slides in the opposite direction than the first one. This Boundary causes Earthquakes • Convergent Boundary: The Boundary that collides into land causing the older land to melt into the Athenosphere. This Boundary causes Mountains • Divergent Boundary: The Boundary that pulls apart from the land and magma rises creating volcanoes soon to make an island.

31. Ritcher Scale

32. Continued • This Program will be continued soon so be patient Chapter 4 is The Atmospheres just to give you a warning