1. Istanbul, June 12, 2006

2. New WorkplaceNew Education Kai-ming Cheng University of Hong Kong Forum on Job Creation in Eastern Europe & Central Asia World Bank/Government of Turkey June 12-13, 2006 Istanbul

3. Education: What’s New? The Contexts • Society: new workplace • Education: new developments • Learning: new understanding

4. Change in society & workplace

5. Then, Industrial society ….

6. Industrial Society: the Pyramid

7. Assumptions … • Large organizations • Parallel departments • Layers and ranks • Detailed division of labour • Tight structures • Rules and regulations • Credential-based recruitment i.e. bureaucracies

8. People’s assumptions … • Lifelong career • Long-term employment • Presumed loyalty • Upward mobility • Escalating incomes • Foreseeable future • Predictable retirement • ……..

9. People in Workplace: Industrial • Work in specific jobs • Engage in relatively isolated tasks • Are specialized • Are ranked • Implement pre-set designs • Follow prescribed procedures • Abide by rules and regulations • Recruited by qualifications • ……

10. Assumption:People are Specialized, Classified & Ranked

11. Industrial society: Education Preparing people • For specific occupations at specific ranks • Providing them with credentials • Based on the knowledge and skills

12. Industrial society: Secondary Education Therefore, • Prepare young people for higher level education • Providing them with credentials • Based on the knowledge and skills • Or employment, if they fail

13. Industrial society: Secondary Education • Teaching through subjects • Helping students through examinations • Providing them with credentials • Based on the knowledge and skills

14. Curriculum as Subjects

15. Knowledge & Skills Preschool Primary Secondary Tertiary “End” of education: Next stage of education

16. The overhaul …

17. Mobile phones CEO of Samsung: “We are not producing telephones. We are producing fashion!”

18. G2000 Michael Tien: “When it works, It’s obsolete!” “Customers don’t know what they want!”

19. Restaurants: Maxim’s Cantonese Cuisine (9) Chaozhou Cuisine (3) Peking Cuisine (5) Other Chinese Cuisines (5) Miso, Kiko m.a.x. concepts: mezz, EXP, café Landmark, thai basil, can.teen, little basil, the basil, fresh basil, rice paper, Café Express, Deli and Wine, Curtain Up, Concerto Bar & Cafe Starbucks Coffee Over 320 shops

20. Manufacturing Then Design Production Now

21. Insurance: Traditional

22. Insurance: Agents

23. Insurance: Brokers

24. Retail Banking Counter

25. Customized Services

27. ATM

28. Outsourcing Core Functions

32. Outsourcing

34. Just-in-time publishing Printing Inventory Shipping Inventory Sales Sales Printing

35. Post-industrial: SMEs

36. Task Forces Client TASK FORCE

39. Post-industrial: Large Organisations Project Groups Task Forces Production Teams Client Groups “Accounts” Deal Team

40. Task Force

41. Post-industrial: Free-lancers

42. Now, Post-industrial society …

43. Industrial: Scale Production

44. Post-Industrial: Customized Products

45. Hong Kong (around 291,000 registered companies) • 99％ under 100 (SME) • 69% of employees • 94% under 20 • 40% of employees • 86％ under 10 • 33% of employees (June 2005)

46. Hong Kong … • Free-lancers 220,000 estimated vis-à-vis 2,200,000 in registered companies

47. The United States Business Enterprises • 98％ under 100 • 86％ under 20 National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002

48. Post-industrial: Workplace Project Groups/Task Forces Small Enterprises Free-lancers The Civil Service (Traditional)

49. Post-industrial: SMEs

50. Post-industrial: Large Organisations Project Groups Task Forces Production Teams Client Groups “Accounts” Deal Team