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Chapter 2

Chapter 2. Matter. 2.1 What Is Matter?. Chemistry. The study of matter and how it changes Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space Mass – resistance to change in motion. Two types of matter- Substance- Pure Mixture- more than one substance. 2.1 What Is Matter?.

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Chapter 2

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  1. Chapter 2 Matter

  2. 2.1 What Is Matter? Chemistry • The study of matter and how it changes • Matter – anything that has mass and takes up space • Mass – resistance to change in motion • Two types of matter- • Substance- Pure • Mixture- more than one substance

  3. 2.1 What Is Matter? Two Kinds of Substances • Elements- Simplest kind of matter • Can’t be broken down further • All one kind of atom • 116 kinds of elements • Each has a 1 or two letter symbol • Each behaves differently • Everything else is built of them

  4. 2.1 What Is Matter? Two Kinds of Substances • Compounds- Made of two elements chemically combined • Atoms bonded together to make molecules • All molecules of a compound are the same (the mix at the same ratio) • Compounds behave completely differently from the elements that make them

  5. 2.1 What Is Matter? Elements and Compounds Element-All one atom

  6. 2.1 What Is Matter? Elements and Compounds Molecule-Different atomsbonded together

  7. 2.1 What Is Matter? Elements and Compounds Compound-All one molecule

  8. 2.1 What Is Matter? Chemical Formulas • Tell the type an number of atoms in a molecule • Symbols tell type • Subscripts tell number • Don’t write (#1) as a subscript H2O C6H12O6 NaCl

  9. 2.1 What Is Matter? 2 Hydrogen atoms 1 Oxygen atom Chemical Formulas H2O

  10. 2.1 What Is Matter? 12 Carbon atoms 11 Oxygen atoms 22 Hydrogen atoms Chemical Formulas C12H22O11

  11. 2.1 What Is Matter? Chemical Formulas NaCl 1 sodium (Na) atom & 1 chlorine (Cl) atom

  12. 2.1 What Is Matter? Molecules • Most molecules form from different kinds of atoms • A few elements form molecules too • O2 • N2 • H2 • Cl2 • F2 • I2 • S8 • P4

  13. 2.1 What Is Matter? Pure Substance • Elements and compounds • Only one kind of molecule or atom • Compounds have specific amounts of their elements (definite proportions) • Have different properties than the atoms that make them up

  14. 2.1 What Is Matter? Mixture • Different substances mixed together • Can be in any proportion • Keeps the same properties as the things that make it • Kool-aid • Mix something sweet, something wet and something red • Get something sweet, wet and red

  15. 2.1 What Is Matter? Two Types of Mixtures • Heterogeneous- (different) • Different from place to place • Not evenly mixed • Chocolate chip cookie, gravel, soil • Homogeneous- (same) • The same throughout • Evenly mixed • Kool-aid, sea water, air

  16. 2.1 What Is Matter? Liquid Mixtures • Miscible- • Liquids that do dissolve in each other • Homogeneous • Gasoline • Immiscible- • Liquids that don’t dissolve in each other • Heterogeneous • Oil and water

  17. 2.2 Matter and Energy Kinetic Theory • Kinetic means motion • Three main parts of the theory 1. All matter is made little lumps 2. These little lumps are all moving, the hotter the temperature the faster they move 3. At the same temperature, heavier little lumps move slower. In Latin: cula means little & mole means lumps …so molecule means little lumps

  18. 2.2 Matter and Energy States of Matter • Solid • Particles are tightly packed • Stuck to each other in a pattern • Vibrate in place • Can’t flow • Constant volume

  19. 2.2 Matter and Energy States of Matter • Liquid • Particles are tightly packed • Fluids- gases and liquids both flow • Viscosity- resistance to flow • Able to slide past each other • Can flow • Constant volume

  20. 2.2 Matter and Energy States of Matter • Gas • Particles are spread out • Particles hitting things cause pressure • Flying all over the place • Can flow • Volume of whatevercontainer they are in

  21. 2.2 Matter and Energy Energy The ability change or move matter • As you add energy to a solid, the temperature goes up (gets hotter) • The molecules move faster • Eventually they move fast enough to break out of their pattern and become a liquid • melting- change from a solid to liquid

  22. 2.2 Matter and Energy Energy The ability change or move matter • As you add energy to a liquid, the temperature goes up (gets hotter) • The molecules move faster • Eventually they will move fast enough to move freely and become a gas • evaporation- change from a liquid to gas

  23. 2.2 Matter and Energy Phases Changes The ability change or move matter • As you cool a gas the temperature goes down (gets colder) • The molecules move slower • As gas molecules slow down they stick together but freely move around • condensation- change from gas to liquid

  24. 2.2 Matter and Energy Phases Changes The ability change or move matter • As you cool a liquid the temperature goes down (gets colder) • The molecules move slower • As liquid molecules slow down they stick together and form a lattice work pattern • freezing- change from liquid to gas

  25. 2.2 Matter and Energy Phases Changes • Molecules and atoms don’t change during a phase change • The composition doesn’t change • The mass doesn’t change • The temperature does not change • the VOLUME changes • Only the attractions and motion change

  26. 2.2 Matter and Energy Law of Conservation of Mass • In all changes, mass cannot be created nor destroyed • All the mass you start with you end with • Balanced Chemical Equations

  27. 2.2 Matter and Energy Law of Conservation of Energy • In all changes, energy cannot be created or destroyed • All the energy you put in, you get out • Exothermic/Endothermic/Nonthermic

  28. 2.3 Properties of Matter Properties • Allow us to identify substances • Allow us to separate substances

  29. 2.3 Properties of Matter Physical Properties • Can be observed or measured without changing the composition • Melting point , boiling point, hardness, odor, ability to conduct electricity and heat • Density – how heavy something is for its size • Ratio of mass to volume • If the density of substance is less than its surroundings, it floats

  30. 2.3 Properties of Matter Density • Found by dividing the mass by volume • D = m V • Units of g/mL or g/cm3 • Water has a density of 1 g/mL

  31. 2.3 Properties of Matter M D V Density Cover up the one you are looking for to find the formula for the missing piece

  32. 2.3 Properties of Matter M D V Density • A piece of wood has a massof 12 g and a volume of 16 cm3 What is its density? • Steel has a density of 7.8 g/cm3. How much mass would 56 cm3 of steel have? • What would the volume of 25g of water be?

  33. 2.3 Properties of Matter Chemical Properties • Used to describe how substance reacts • How it changes • By combining with other substances • Or breaking apart • Reactivity how a substance combines with other substances • Things like flammability, rusting, etc.

  34. 2.3 Properties of Matter Changes • Two types- • Physical Changes- no new type of matter is made • All the molecules stay the same • Chemical Change- a new type of matter is made • Atoms rearrange to make new elements or compounds

  35. 2.3 Properties of Matter Physical Changes • Might look a little different • Keeps original properties • Changing phases • Making a mixture • Cutting • Grinding • Dissolving

  36. 2.3 Properties of Matter Chemical Changes • Completely new properties • Products are not at all like the reactants • Makes new odor, color, etc.

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