COS Standard 3

1. COS Standard 3 Trace the chronology of events leading to the American Revolution including the French and Indian War, passage of the Stamp Act, the Boston Tea Party, the Boston Massacre, passage of the Intolerable Acts, the Battles of Lexington and Concord, the publican of Common Sense and the signing of the Declaration of Independence.

2. Explaining the role of key revolutionary leaders, including George Washington, John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, Samuel Adams, Paul Revere, Crispus Attucks, and Marquis de Lafayette as well as explaining the significance of revolutionary battles, including Bunker Hill, Trenton, Saratoga, and Yorktown Chapter 4

3. George Washington • General during the French and Indian War as well as the American Revolution • 2nd Continental Congress appoints Commander in Chief of the Continental Army • Leads inexperienced soldiers to fight

4. John Adams • Helps write the Declaration of Independence • Helps write Treaty of Paris 1783 • Diplomat to France and Holland

5. Thomas Jefferson • Wrote the Declaration of Independence • Served as a diplomat to France

6. Patrick Henry • “Give me liberty or give me death.”

7. Samuel Adams • Sons of Liberty • Actively protests and boycotts • Boston Tea Party

8. Paul Revere • Along with William Dawes, warned the colonists that the British were coming to Lexington

9. Crispus Attucks • First colonist who died in the Boston Massacre

10. Marquis de Lafayette • French commander who helped Washington’s troops train for battle at Valley Forge • Increase morale and discipline in American troops • Valley Forge: camp for soldiers during harsh winter (1777)

11. Loyalists and Patriots • Loyalists were people who were loyal to the kings of England, wanted British laws upheld • Examples: government officials, prominent merchants, landowners and some farmers • Also known as Tories • Patriots thought the British were tyrants • Also known as Whigs • Examples: artisans, farmers, merchants, planters, lawyers and urban workers. • Some American did not support either

12. Battle of Bunker Hill • 1775 • Lacked ammunition • Untrained colonists stood up against Britain • William Prescott said “Don’t shoot until you see the whites of their eyes.” • British end up trapped in Boston surrounded by colonial militia

13. Battle of Trenton • Christmas 1776 • Washington planned unexpected winter attack against the British and won

14. Battle of Saratoga • 1777, New York • General Burgoyne surrenders and 5,000 British soldiers were taken prisoner. • Turning point of the American Revolution • Improves American Morale • Convinces France to aid America with troops and supplies needed to defeat the British

15. Battle of Yorktown • 1781 • Last major battle of the American Revolution • American and French troops surround Yorktown • Cornwallis surrenders to Washington • Leads to the Treaty of Paris 1783

16. Treaty of Paris 1783 • Treaty that ended the American Revolution • September 3, 1783 • Britain must recognize US as a new nation with the Mississippi River as the western border • Britain gave Florida to Spain • France receives colonies in Africa and the Caribbean