COS Standard 6

1. COS Standard 6 Describe relations of the United States with Britain and France from 1781 to 1823, including the XYZ Affair, the War of 1812, and the Monroe Doctrine.

2. Quasi-war: Jay’s Treaty • During Washington’s presidency, John Jay travels to Britain to negotiate a treaty with Britain. • Prevents war and protects American economy • Gives Britain the right to seize American cargo headed for French ports. • Britain agrees to give the US most-favored nation status. • Americans would not face discrimination when trading with Britain.

3. Quasi-war • Even though America claimed to be neutral, America favored Britain and France felt the US violated the Treaty of 1778. • Angered by Jay’s Treaty, France stopped American ships and seized their goods en route to Britain. • President Adams sent people to negotiate with France. • Charles Pinckney • Elbridge Gerry • John Marshall

4. Quasi-war • Tensions increased when France demanded bribes from the American negotiators before talks began. The negotiators from France became known as XYZ. • When the news of the XYZ Affair gets out, Americans are outraged and demand for war. • Trade is suspended with France and navy is ordered to capture French ships: Quasi-war (undeclared war at sea) • Eventually, France and America come to an agreement and the quasi-war with France ends. • America gave up all claims against France for damages to American shipping. • France released the US from the Treaty of 1778.

5. Causes of the War of 1812 • France and England’s relationship continues to deteriorate. • Tensions between the two countries benefit America: America plays both countries against each other. • Britain declared all ships going to Europe had to have a British license and would be searched. France declared that anyone who follows Britain’s declaration would have their goods confiscated. • Either way, Americans would lose their goods.

6. Causes of the War of 1812 • The practice of impressment upset Americans as well. • British sailors were deserting the navy because of poor pay and ship conditions. They would board American ships. • Britain would stop American ships and seize people from these ships. (Impressment: legalized form of kidnapping that forced people into military) • Americans were forced into the British military. • Instead of war, Jefferson passes an embargo act (ban on trade). It hurts America more; Congress repeals the embargo.

7. Causes of the War of 1812

8. Causes of the War of 1812 • Madison is elected president. • He wants to avoid war too. • Passes Non-Intercourse Act: will not trade with either country, but Madison can lift the ban with whichever country lifts restrictions first. • It fails. • Madison tried Macon’s Bill Number Two: lift ban on trade, will trade with whoever; but will trade only with whichever country lifts restrictions first. • It works eventually. The British economy is badly hurt.

9. Causes of the War of 1812 • Other causes of the War of 1812 • Land disputes between America and Britain • Canada • Florida • Britain provoke and supply Native Americans to fight with Americans: Battle of Tippecanoe: Shawnee (Tecumseh) versus Americans (William Henry Harrison) fight over land in Indiana. Tecumseh and Shawnee lose.

10. Causes of the War of 1812

11. Causes of the War of 1812

12. General Facts: War of 1812 • Nicknamed • Mr. Madison’s War • Second American Revolution/Second Revolutionary War • June 1812-January 1815 • Britain versus America