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METHANE

METHANE. BY. HEMAVATHY. CHEMISTRY OF METHANE. INTRODUCTION.

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METHANE

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  1. METHANE BY HEMAVATHY

  2. CHEMISTRY OF METHANE INTRODUCTION Molecular formula = CH4   Molecular mass = 16   Empirical formula = CH4   Empirical formula mass = 16   State: Gas at room temperature.   Occurance: marsh, stagnant ponds.   It is the major constituent of natural gas. Natural gas contains 94.6% methane.

  3. STRUCTURE OF METHANE Composition of methane molecule: Methane molecule consists of one carbon and four hydrogen atoms (CH4). Geometry of methane:Methane molecule is tetrahedral in structure in which carbon is central atom and four H-atoms are    surrounding it in three-dimensions.

  4. Bond Angles:   HCH-bond angles are 109.5o.   Bond Length:   All C-H bonds are 1.09Ao. METHOD OF PREPARATION OF METHANE BY THE CATALYTIC REDUCTION OF METHYL IODIDE:CH3-I + H2è CH4 +HIBY THE HYDROLYSIS OF ALUMINIUM CARBIDE:      In laboratory methane can be prepared by boiling aliminium carbide with water. Al4C3 + 12H2O è 3CH4 +Al (OH)3

  5. CHEMICAL PROPERTIESOF METHANE    COMBUSTION REACTION:Combustion of methane is an exothermic reaction in which a large amount of energy is liberated. Due to this property, methane is used as a domestic and industrial fuel.CH4 + 2O2 è CO2 + 2H2O   HALOGENATION:Replacement of halogen atom with H-atom of an organic compound is called Halogenation. It is a substitution reaction.This reaction occurs in the presence of sun light.It is a free radical mechanism reaction.The reaction will continue till the replacement of all four hydrogen atoms of methane with chlorine.   CHLORINATION:CH4 + Cl2 è CH3Cl + HCl (chloro methane)               CH3Cl + Cl2 è CH2Cl2 +HCl (dichloro methane)               CH2Cl2 + Cl2 è CHCl3 + HCl (chloroform)               CHCl3 + Cl2 è CCl4 +HCl (carbon tetra chloride)   OUTPUT:Since it is a chain reaction, therefore, it gives a mixture of different compounds.

  6. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF METHANE Methane is a colorless, odourless and non-poisonous gas.Melting point = -182.5oC.Boling point = -169.5oC.Its molecule is symmetrical.It is lighter than air.It is slightly soluble in water but fairly soluble in ether and alcohol. USES OF METHANE Domestic and industrial fuel. Shoe polish. Printing ink. Tyre manufacturing. Manufacture of methyl alcohol.

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