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The Russian Revolution. Intro to Animal Farm. What is the difference?. Socialism - you have two cows and the government forces you to share one with your neighbor. Communism - you have two cows, the government seizes control of them and gives you milk and meat.
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The Russian Revolution Intro to Animal Farm
What is the difference? • Socialism- you have two cows and the government forces you to share one with your neighbor. • Communism- you have two cows, the government seizes control of them and gives you milk and meat. • Capitalism- you have two cows, you trade one for a bull.
Karl Marx (and Frederich Engels) • 1848 published The Communist Manifesto.
continued • Bourgeois- control and exploit the proletariat. Could also call these people Aristocrats. • Proletariat- the workers, the common man.
Problems… • Industrialization is supposed to help boost the economy but the workers were not paid well and began to form secret societies. • This made it increasingly difficult for the Czar to maintain autocracy. This is a government in which one person (czar) posses unlimited and absolute power.
continued • Alexander III tried to make the workers happy. He compromised with business owners and workers to pass laws to improve the workers conditions. • Reduced the working day to 11 ½ hours per day. • Sunday was recognized as a Holy Day. No work! • Recognized 14 additional days through out the year as holy days.
Tsar/Czar Nicholas II • A lot of Russia’s problems are blamed on Nicholas II but in truth the issues begin many years before… • During his father’s reign (Alexander III) cities began to expand and industrialize. Russia was primarily agricultural but became the worlds 5th largest producer of iron.
Nicholas II • Became czar after his father died. His father was only in his 40s at the time of his death and therefore Nicholas was not prepared to take over. • Married Alixandra a German princess. This was against the initial wishes of his parents and the people of Russia. • Led Russia in the Russo Japanese war. An expensive war fought over the control of Manchuria that Russia lost.
continued • So it is clear, Russia is going to have issues with their new Czar…. • The workers are still unhappy. Many of Russia’s people are starving, some are adding sawdust to their bread dough to make it seem like more. • The czar has a sick child (his only son) has hemophilia. His wife is willing to do anything to help him… even calling in a healer named Rasputin.
Bloody Sunday • January 9, 1905- Father Georgi Gabon leads a group of workers to present a petition to Czar Nicholas- the workers are carrying pictures of the Czar and his wife (honoring them). • As they march they are singing hymns. • Nicholas hears about the workers and packs up the family and leaves for a their country home. • When workers get to palace square they were stopped by the soldiers and ordered to go home. • Workers threw stones and chunks of ice at soldiers. Soldiers warned them if they continue they will be fired upon. • Soldiers then feel provoked and fire upon workers, killing several hundred.
The beginning of the end… • Nicholas creates a semi- constitutional monarchy on October 30, 1905. • Granted freedom of speech, press and assembly. • Calls for the creation/formation of a representative body called a Duma.
