Regional Responses in Western Eurasia

1. http://img237.imageshack.us/i/thekidanheadquartersxitwo4.png/http://img237.imageshack.us/i/thekidanheadquartersxitwo4.png/ Regional Responses in Western Eurasia

2. http://image.com.com/gamespot/images/2008/049/945015_20080219_screen009.jpghttp://image.com.com/gamespot/images/2008/049/945015_20080219_screen009.jpg • Background Information • The Golden Horde • The Mongol rulers were chosen from the Golden Family of Temujin. (http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/civil_n2/histscript6_n2/golden.html) • Batu Khan was chosen and he established “The Golden Horde” in 1223. (Bulliet307) • Though once united they broke up into sections such as the “White Horde”. (Bulliet307) • After conquering Southern Russia the Mongols settled north of the Caspian Sea and made their capital at Sarai on the Volga River. (Bulliet303) • The Golden Horde is sometimes called the Kipchak Khanate. (http://education.yahoo.com/reference/entry/GoldenHE)

3. http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&hl=en&sa=1&q=+ancient+russia+map&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&start=0http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&hl=en&sa=1&q=+ancient+russia+map&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&start=0 • Response in Russia • Under the Golden Horde Empire Russian became the dominant written and spoken language. (Bulliet307) • Unfortunately the flow of silver into Mongols hands deprived the Russian local economy of this metal. (Bulliet307) • The Golden Horde attempted to instill the idea of paper money into Russia, however this failed. (Bulliet307) • Around 1250 the prince of Novgorod Alexander Nevskii, submitted to the Mongols and in return the Mongols favored Novgorod and the emerging town of Moscow. (Bulliet307) • As a result, the towns became political, cultural, and economic centers which drove people to move northward to open agricultural lands away from the Mongol lands. (Bulliet307) • The center of Russia began to become Moscow.

4. http://www.1st-art-gallery.com/thumbnail/185314/1/Ancient-Moscow,-Departure-After-A-Fight.jpghttp://www.1st-art-gallery.com/thumbnail/185314/1/Ancient-Moscow,-Departure-After-A-Fight.jpg • Effects on Russia continued… • A great effect of the Mongol presence was the Bubonic plague. (Bulliet307) • Ukraine also suffered severe population loss. (Bulliet307) • One point of view from historians is that the Mongol domination was destructive because it isolated Russia and didn’t allow it to develop west; also that it let its economy decline. (Bulliet308) • A positive out look is that Mongols helped the Russians turn goods into cash also that the taxes became a burden because of the Russian princes who collected them not the Mongols. (Bulliet308) • Traditional local government structure survived and they kept their rulers and internal administration. (http://education.yahoo.com/reference/entry/GoldenHE) • The Golden Horde Empire declined in Russia because of warfare. (http://education.yahoo.com/reference/entry/GoldenHE)

5. http://www.tunliweb.no/Bilder_SM/DSCN5463_1024pix.jpg • A Crusade led by Emperor Frederick II • Religion, politics, and local identity are all factors in which the Mongols affected Anatolia. (Bulliet308) • Emperor Frederick II went on this crusade as an attempt to satisfy the pope. (Bulliet308) • Left to deal with the Mongols on their own, the princes offered their submission to Batu. (Bulliet308) • Teutonic Knights joined Emperor Frederick on the crusade. • The crusading goal was to Christianize the Slavic and Kipchak populations of Northern Europe. (Bulliet308) • Alexander Nevskii joined the Mongols in order to protect Slav territory from German expansion. (Bulliet308) • In 1242 some knights drowned which ruined their power and the crusades stopped. (Bulliet308) • The Mongol Army was made up of a few Mongols and many Turks, Chinese, Iranians, and Europeans. (Bullit308)

6. http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/mongol-empire-large.gifhttp://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/mongol-empire-large.gif • More Effects of the Mongolian Empire • Theories describing the Mongols to be from Hell initiated a form of fear and awe of their wealth and power. (Bulliet309) • Europeans learned different things from them like diplomatic passports, higher level math, coal mining, and high temperature metallurgy. (Bulliet309) • A negative effect brought on by the Mongols was the Bubonic Plague in the 1340’s brought religious speculation that god was punishing easer and central European Christians. (Bulliet309) • In the fourteenth century many regions including Lithuania escaped from Mongolian rule by cooperating with the Mongols. (Bulliet309) • In the 1300’s Lithuania took advantage of its position and ended the Mongol Empire. (Bulliet309)

7. Quiz 1.) Which Mongolian leader established the Golden Horde Empire? a.) Genghis b. Alexander Nevskii c.) Batu d.) Khanate e.) Emperor Frederick II 2.) What was the cause of the Crusade in Northern Europe? a.) the pope was under satisfied. b.) the pope hated the Mongols. c.) Alexander Nevskii wanted to protect Slav territory from German expansion. d.) Some Teutonic Knights drowned and the other knights decided to retaliate. e.) Slavic and Kipchak peoples did not offer submission to the Mongols. 3.) Europe learned all of these things from the Mongols except: a.) higher level math b.) diplomatic passports c.) metallurgy d.) higher level reading e.) coal mining

8. Quiz 1.) Which Mongolian leader established the Golden Horde Empire? a.) Genghis b. Alexander Nevskii c.) Batu d.) Khanate e.) Emperor Frederick II 2.) What was the cause of the Crusade in Northern Europe? a.) the pope was dissatisfied. b.) the pope hated the Mongols. c.) Alexander Nevskii wanted to protect Slav territory from German expansion. d.) Some Teutonic Knights drowned and the other knights decided to retaliate. e.) Slavic and Kipchak peoples did not offer submission to the Mongols. 3.) Europe learned all of these things from the Mongols except: a.) higher level math b.) diplomatic passports c.) metallurgy d.) higher level reading e.) coal mining

9. Bibliography: 1.) (Bulliet, Richard, The earth and its peoples a global history, Charles Hartford, Boston Massachusetts, 2005) 2.) (http://www.hyperhistory.com/online_n2/civil_n2/histscript6_n2/golden.html) 3.) (http://education.yahoo.com/reference/entry/GoldenHE) Image Bibliography 1.) http://img237.imageshack.us/i/thekidanheadquartersxitwo4.png/ 2.)http://image.com.com/gamespot/images/2008/049/945015_20080219_screen009.jpg 3.)http://images.google.com/images?gbv=2&hl=en&sa=1&q=+ancient+russia+map&aq=f&oq=&aqi=&start=0 4.) http://www.tunliweb.no/Bilder_SM/DSCN5463_1024pix. jpg 5.) http://www.tunliweb.no/Bilder_SM/DSCN5463_1024pix.jpg 6.) http://www.artsmia.org/art-of-asia/history/images/maps/mongol-empire-large.gif