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Appendicular Skeleton

Appendicular Skeleton. Bones of limbs. Thoracic limbs (front leg) Scapula Humerus Radius Ulna Carpal bones Metacarpal bones Phalanges Pelvic Limbs (back leg) Pelvis Ilium Ischium pubis Femur Tibia Fibula Tarsal bones Metatarsal bones Phalanges.

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Appendicular Skeleton

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  1. Appendicular Skeleton • Bones of limbs. • Thoracic limbs (front leg) • Scapula • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Carpal bones • Metacarpal bones • Phalanges • Pelvic Limbs (back leg) • Pelvis • Ilium • Ischium • pubis • Femur • Tibia • Fibula • Tarsal bones • Metatarsal bones • Phalanges

  2. Appendicular Skeleton (limb bones) Thoracic Limb • Scapula • Humerus • Radius • Ulna • Carpal bones (carpus) • Metacarpal bones • Phalanges

  3. Scapula • Most proximal bone of the thoracic limb. • Flat and triangular. • Has prominent ridge on lateral surface referred to as the _____________. • The distal end forms portion of ball and socket shoulder joint called the ______________ cavity.

  4. Humerus • Long bone of upper arm/brachium • Articulates with the _________ proximally and the _______ and _______ distally • Has head at proximal end with a large greater tubercle for muscle attachment. • Condyle at distal end is composed of trochlea (medial/ulna), capitulum (lateral, radius), medial and lateral epicondyles (medial and lateral/ no articulations) • _____________ fossa is proximal to the condyles on the caudal surface of the humerus • Is not the “funny bone”

  5. One of two bones that form the antebrachium. • Proximally, forms major portion of elbow joint with distal end of the ____________. • Articulates distally with the ________ (except in the horse). • Point of the elbow = olecranon process • Trochlear _________: concave articular surface that makes elbow secure. • Proximal end of trochlear notch forms a beak-shaped ______________ process. • tucks into the olecranon process of the humerus • Distal end of trochlear notch forms the two ________________ processes. • Styloid process forms the distal end of the ulna. Ulna

  6. Radius • Main weight bearing bone of the antebrachium. • Articulates with _________ and ulna proximally, and the _______ distally. • ___________process articulates with carpus.

  7. Carpal Bones • Carpus has _______ rows of bones. • Is the “_______” of the most animals, knee of horses • Proximal row bones have names • radial carpal bone, intermediate carpal (if present) ulnar carpal bone, accessory carpal bone • Distal row bones numbered medial to lateral: • (1st carpal, 2nd carpal, etc)

  8. Metacarpal Bones • Articulate proximally with the carpal bones and distally with the phalanges of the digits. • Numbered from _________ to _________ (dewclaw being number 1 in dogs and cats). • Horses have one large metacarpal III bone (__________ bone) and two non-weight bearing metacarpal II & IV bones (___________ bones). • Cattle have fused metacarpal bones (III & IV) with a groove dividing them

  9. EQUINE BOVINE

  10. Phalanges (singular = phalanx) • Each digit is made up of two or three______________ (proximal, middle, distal) • In horses phalanges are also called thelong and short pastern bones and coffin bone. • Horses and cattle have proximal and distal sesamoid bones. • Distal sesamoid in horse = navicular bone • Horses have one weight-bearing digit (III) and cattle have two (III & IV) • Dogs and cats have an _____________ crest that surrounds the claw.

  11. EQUINE PHALANGES LONG PASTERN SHORT PASTERN COFFIN BONE

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