Big idea What happened during the Peloponnesian War?

1. Big idea What happened during the Peloponnesian War? 1

2. The Peloponnesian war Present day Athens

3. The Peloponnesian war was fought between Athens and Sparta,and other Greek city states that chose sides. Pericles leader of Athens

4. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The first stage was the Archidamian War Then came the Peace of Nicias Last came the Thirty years treaty.

5. Warm Up Complete the matrix comparing Athens and Sparta in 440 BCE. Use the word bank to help you fill in all the information. Word Bank: Democracy Does not value art and music Delian League Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda 5

6. Democracy Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian LeagueOligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda 6

7. Oligarchy Trade Agriculture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Isolated Open to world ideas Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian LeagueOligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda 7

8. Democracy: A form of government in which people vote for their leaders Democracy Oligarchy Trade Agriculture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Isolated Open to world ideas Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian LeagueOligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda Back 8

9. Delian League: Greek alliance headed by Athens after the Persian War. (shown on the map in YELLOW) Democracy Oligarchy Trade Agriculture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Isolated Open to world ideas Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian League Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda Back 9

10. Oligarchy: A form of government in which a small group leads. Democracy Oligarchy Trade Agriculture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Isolated Open to world ideas Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian League Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda Back 10

11. Peloponessian League:Greek alliance headed by Sparta after the Persian War. (shown on the map in PINK) Democracy Oligarchy Trade Agriculture Art/ music Valued Art/ music NOT valued Isolated Open to world ideas Delian League Peloponnesian League Word Bank Democracy Does not value art and music Delian League Oligarchy Agriculture (farming) Trade Open to world ideas Peloponnesian League Values art and music Isolated Agenda Back 11

12. Explore The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two city states. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power. • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were). Agenda 12

13. Democracy: A form of government in which people are the source of power Explore The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two city states. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were) Agenda Back 13

14. Oligarchy: A form of government in which a small group leads. Explore The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two areas. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were) Agenda Back 14

15. Delian League: Greek alliance headed by Athens after the Persian War. (shown on the map in ORANGE) Explore The Causes of the Peloponnesian War Sparta and Athens had opposing forms of government, Democracy and Oligarchy, which always caused tension between the two areas. In the years following the Persian Wars these tensions increased because: • Sparta believed that Athens was trying to take too much power • Other city states believed that Athens was using the money from the Delian League for their own gain (they were) Agenda Back 15

16. War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annexCorcyra against the wishes of the Corinthians, who were alliedwith Sparta. Agenda Back 16

17. War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annexCorcyraagainst the wishes of the Corinthians, who were alliedwith Sparta. Annex: To join to things together or add on to something Agenda Back 17

18. War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annexCorcyraagainst the wishes of the Corinthians, who were alliedwith Sparta. Agenda Back 18

19. War was declared in 432 BCE after Athens attempted to annexCorcyraagainst the wishes of the Corinthians, who were alliedwith Sparta. Allied: An agreement between groups or people to work together Agenda Back 19

20. The Athenians were confident that they could defeat the Spartans at sea because of their superior navy and protected access to a port. The Spartans were confident they could beat the Athenians on land and launched raids on the farms outside Athens for 5 years. Agenda Back 20

21. Athens was known for its powerful Navy.

22. Athenian Offensive • Athens was afraid to make a big offensive move against Sparta as this could throw off the power of democracy. • Therefore the small attacks they lead on the city states allied with Sparta had little affect to them.

23. Sparta was known for their large and well trained military

24. Sparta went to war with Athens because they were afraid of the further growth of Athenian power

25. Spartan Offensive Strategies Sparta had the idea, that they would be able to starve the Athenians into surrender by destroying the crops in Attica Thus it would force the inferior Athenian army to fight against the superior Spartan-Theban forces.

26. During the war, Sparta led many attacks on Attica. Athens raided the coast of the Peloponnese. The attacks on Attica by the Spartans didn’t do much harm to Athens because their food supply came mainly from Egypt.

27. In 430 BCE many farmers fled inside the walls that surrounded Athens seeking protection from the Spartan Attacks This lead to overcrowding, and ultimately a plague. Agenda Back 27

28. In 430 BCE many farmers fled inside the walls that surrounded Athens seeking protection from the Spartan Attacks This lead to overcrowding, and ultimately a plague. Plague: A widespread illness that causes a large number of deaths. Agenda Back 28

29. The plague killed 50,000 people including Pericles the leader of the Athenian Army Agenda Back 29

30. Thucydides states, “The bodies of dying men lay one upon another, and half-dead creatures reeled about in the streets. The catastrophe became so overwhelming that men cared nothing for any rule of religion or law.”

31. The Finale to a Long War. • Sparta eventually built a navy to defeat the weakened Athenian navy. • Sparta captured the entire Athenian fleet without one loss, thus cutting off the food supply completely, thus ending the war.