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Innovative Biosensors: Advancements & Applications

Explore the world of biosensors, devices that analyze biological compounds and convert them into measurable signals. These innovative tools consist of bioreceptors, transducers, and electronic peripherals. Bioreceptors interact with biological materials to identify target molecules, transducers convert these molecules into signals, and electronic peripherals present the data. Biosensors use enzymes, antibodies, and nucleic acids, with transducer types including piezoelectric, thermal, electrochemical, and optical variants. Discover how biosensors measure mass, heat, currents, and identify various biological molecules. Current applications include Lab-on-a-chip technology, pollutant control, patient diagnosis, and pathogen detection. Future advancements aim for disposable, cost-effective, and highly sensitive biosensors with improved microprocessors.

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Innovative Biosensors: Advancements & Applications

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  1. Anthony Catalano Biosensors

  2. What are Biosensors? • Any device that analyzes a biological compound into a measurable signal • Composed of a bioreceptor, transducer, and an electronic peripheral

  3. Composition of Biosensors • Bioreceptor: Part of device that interacts with a biological material to identify and interact with a target molecule • Transducer: Part of the device that turns the target molecule into a measured signal • Electronic Peripheral: Turns the measured signal into a graphical user interface (GUI) utilizing microprocessors • Enzymes, Antibodies, or nucleic acids. • Piezoelectric, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Optical • LED Display

  4. Transducers • Piezoelectric: crystal detector uses the change of frequency to calculate change in mass • Thermal: measures change in heat (exothermic, endothermic) • Electrochemical: (Amperometric, or potentiometric) uses electrodes to measure current • Optical: uses Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR), or reflectance to identify various biological molecules • Measures Mass • Measures heat, requires large sample size, complicated devices • Amperometric are among the most common transducers for biosensors • Great for identifying antigens, or cancerous cells in a solution

  5. Current Applications and Areas of Improvement Current Applications • Lab-on-a-chip • Pollutant Control • Patient Diagnosis • Detection of harmful pathogens, bacteria, toxic compounds Future • Disposable • Low Cost • Increased Sensitivity • Improved Microprocessors • Multipurpose • Environmental friendly

  6. Resources 1. Pohanka, Miroslave. "Electrochemical Biosensors – Principles and Applications." Journal of Applied Biomedicine (2008): 58-62. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. 2. Mutharasan, Raj. "Biosensors." Engineering Biotechnology. N.p., n.d. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://www.gatewaycoalition.org/files/Hidde n/sensr/ch1/1_1f.htm>. 3. Kumar, Ashok. "Biosensors Based on Piezoelectric Crystal Detectors: Theory and Application." Department of Mechanical Engineering and Center for Microelectronics Research (2010): 1-6. Web. http://www.tms.org/pubs/journals/JOM/0010/ Kumar/Kumar-0010.html 4. Dey, D., and T. Goswami. "Optical Biosensors: A Revolution Towards Quantum Nanoscale Electronics Device Fabrication." Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology 2011.348218 (2011): 0-7. Web. 20 Nov. 2012. <http://http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jbb /2011/348218/>.

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