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P: Pregnant teens,15-17, currently attending a teen parent high school

For pregnant teens in HS parenting programs, do attitudes, social norms, perceived control predict continuation in high school? . P: Pregnant teens,15-17, currently attending a teen parent high school I: Attitudes, perceived control, social norms and intention

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P: Pregnant teens,15-17, currently attending a teen parent high school

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  1. For pregnant teens in HS parenting programs, do attitudes, social norms, perceived control predict continuation in high school? P: Pregnant teens,15-17, currently attending a teen parent high school I: Attitudes, perceived control, social norms and intention O: Continuation in HS after birth of child

  2. Theory of Planned Behavior Demographics

  3. Theory: Developmental Decision-making Framework • Cognitive & psychosocial development impact the decisions adolescents make • Adolescents are making decisions during a time of physiologic and cognitive changes • Environment influences the diversity of options she perceives

  4. Literature review • What is its purpose? • What do we know? • Where are the gaps? • Developmental perspective • Education for pregnant teens

  5. Research Design • Qualitative Questionnaire Development • Prospective, Descriptive Correlational • 7 sites (urban, rural, ethnic mix) • Convenience sample: 65 pregnant teens • Administered a written questionnaire between 20-32 weeks • Measured school attendance from 4-6 weeks postpartum

  6. IV and DV Variables • Independent variables: Demographics Attitude, social norms, perceived control, intention • Dependent variable: Continuation in school: # of days from 4- 6 weeks

  7. Participants: 65 Pregnant Adolescents in Teen Parent Programs Means: age: 16.12, GPA: 2.04, age/grade lag: .17, Grade: 10.8, FOB/MOB age difference: 3.17 year Percentage: AA (13%), Hispanic (42%), Caucasian (45%). Refusal rate: 2% Attrition: 6% (fetal demise, diagnosis of CA) 7 Sites: Relationship of demographics to school attendance: site, ethnicity, SES, age, grade, GPA P values: .13 - .95 Was I happy?

  8. Inclusion/Exclusion Criteria: • In a teen parent HS program • 1st baby • Aged 15-18 • Going to keep baby • Speaks and reads English • Won’t graduate in next 6 months

  9. Psychometrics: Development of Questionnaire: Validity • 48 adolescent mothers: 32 in school, 16 had dropped out • Themes developed • Feedback from participants on questions • Face validity: “experts” • Content validity: Used TPB constructs based on interviews written mothers

  10. Questionnaire Reliability • 72 items on questionnaire • Likert scale: evenly spaced • Response set bias: Some positive, some negative; Took 15-20 minutes to complete • Test-Retest: Okay • 4 practice questions related to eating at McDonald’s • Paper and pencil • 6 questions on a page • 5th grade reading level

  11. Questionnaire Reliability • Stability: test-retest • Homogeneity: Cronbach’s alpha: Perceived Control, Attitude, Social Norm, Intention subscales r = .50-.89 • Interrater reliability: 2 data collectors • No inconsistencies in data collection instruments

  12. Internal Validity: Controlling It! • History? Took place over 9 months • Maturation? • Selection? convenience sample. Refusal rate: 2%; demographics the same among sites. • Mortality: 6% attrition for unforeseen reasons

  13. External Validity: Who can I generalize to? • Refusal rates? 2% • Interactive effect of setting & IV? • Interaction of history & IV? • Hawthorne effect? • I can generalize to…? Who were the participants?

  14. Statistical tests: Were the right ones used? • Demographics: 7 groups: ANOVA used.. not 42 T-Tests • Linear Regression: Not single order correlations • DV: school attendance: interval data: 1-21 days. • Variables entered into the computer in a step-wise manner based on the TPB: 1st: Demographics then TPB concepts

  15. DV: C = School attendance: IV: A= Attitude: r = AC + ABC R2= ACbeta = ACIV: B= Social Norm r = BC+ABC beta= BC

  16. Single order correlations can be deceiving!

  17. Did the theory (model) work? How do you know?Why are the R2 and Adjusted R2 different (think sample size!)

  18. Does the TBP help us understand school attendance? IVs: Demographics: Did not predict school attendance: P = .28 - .62 IVs: Attitude + Social Norm + Perceived Control + Intention Predicted DV: School Attendance Why is this a helpful thing to know?

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