The American Civil War: Its Causes, Battles, and Reconstruction

1. The American Civil War:Its Causes, Battles, and Reconstruction

2. GPS SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.

3. What do you know about the Civil War?Why was it fought? (causes?)How did it impact our history, and how does it still impact us today?

4. The war was fought between the Northern and Southern States (who succeeded from the union).It lasted from 1861 to 1865.3 million Americans fought in the war (21. million on Union side and 900,000 for the Confederacy)220,000 African-American served on both sides.Over 600,000 Americans lost their lives during the war. • The first “Modern War” (trench warfare, total war, etc.)

5. Consequences of the War The United States has remained one nation for now over 230 years. The 13th Amendment in 1865 abolished slavery. The United States government grew in size and became stronger over the states. Industries of the North expanded and businessmen became wealthier. The West rapidly was settled and tamed. (railroads, Indian Wars, etc.) Southerners wanted either to create a New South or wanted to go back to the “old days.” Although slavery was abolished, blacks did not have full freedoms (purpose of Civil Rights Movement).

6. Part One: The Causes of the War GPS SS8H6 We will explain the importance of key issues that led to the Civil War; including slavery, states’ rights, nullification, the Missouri Compromise, Compromise of 1850 and the Georgia Platform, Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott Case. The election of 1860, the debate over secession in Georgia, and the role of Alexander Stephens.

7. Causes were differences over: • Slavery • States Rights and Government’s Role • Western expansion • Taxes and Tariffs • Economies • Social Order and Populations • Agrarian vs. Urban Lifestyles

8. Cause #1Slavery in the South ● In 1790, only 1,000 bales of cotton produced in Georgia—but grew to 700,000 bales of cotton in 1860. (just under 4 million throughout the South) ● In 1790, there were only 30,000 slaves in Georgia. Due to the cotton gin and demand for more slave labor, slavery grew to 460,000 slaves by 1860. (4 million total in South) ●Before Civil War, half of Georgia’s wealth ($400 million) was in slavery.

9. Cotton Production and Slave Population, 1790-1860

10. Slavery and King Cotton in Georgia streaming.discoveryeducation.com

11. Daily Life for Slaves • Housing (p. 228) • Clothing (p. 228-29) • Food (p. 229) • Various Jobs (p. 229) • Work demands (p. 229-30) • Family Life (p. 230) • Religion (p.231) • Slave Codes (p. 233)

12. The Underground Railroad Rap

13. Underground Railroad in Georgia streaming.discoveryeducation.com

14. Timeline on Abolitionists and Underground Railroad 1793 Cotton Gin patented by Eli Whitney 1831 William Lloyd Garrison begins The Liberator 1836 House of Reps passes “gag rule” 1837 American Anti-Slavery Society formed 1837 Elijah Lovejoy attacked and killed 1847 Frederick Douglas begins The North Star 1849 Harriet Tubman escaped and helps runaway slaves

15. Timeline (cont.) 1850 Fugitive Slave Act (stricter laws against runaway slaves) 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1857 Dred Scott Decision by Supreme Court 1859 John Brown’s rebellion 1861 Civil War begins 1863 Emancipation Proclamation 1865 13th Amendment abolishes slavery in the United States

16. State your opinion!! • Imagine you are an abolitionist (antislavery activist) before the Civil War. Write a letter to the editor of your local newspaper or to a friend and/or family member arguing against slavery. (One page long) • Try incorporating these three points in your letter. a. Slavery is immoral and contradicts the religious principles of our nation. • Slavery goes against the democratic ideals of liberty and equality. • Slavery will be the cause for our nation dividing between the North and South.

17. "We will not resort to violence. We will not degrade ourselves with hatred. Love will not be returned with hate." Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.

18. Cause #2 States’ Rights and Tariffs *Tariffs helped Northern industries, yet did little to help the South (they preferred foreign goods, cheaper) *1832 South Carolina refused to follow the new higher tariffs (“Nullify”) and threatened to even succeed from Union. *President Andrew Jackson calls their bluff and threatens to use the army. *South Carolina backed down and became resentful

19. Cause #3 Agrarian vs. Industry • North economy based on manufacturing industry and urbanization, while the South based on farming and rural. • In 1850, over 600 mills in North but only 166 in South • Only 10% of nation’s goods manufactured in South

20. Cause #4 Western Expansion • South believed that more slaves in west, will lead to more slave states; more slave states, then more Southern power in Congress; maintain power will protect slavery!! • Most Northerners wanted slavery to NOT expanded to anymore states or territories (also concern for Southerners thirst for more land—Mexico, Cuba, etc.). Most believed that slave labor in new territories or states will not be good for industry. Wanted “free soil” or “free labor”

21. A. Missouri Compromise (1820)