Made By: Manleen Kaur Presented By Ritu Dahiya, S hrish Dubey & Priyanka Gupta 2 nd Year

1. REMOTE SENSING Made By: Manleen Kaur Presented By Ritu Dahiya, Shrish Dubey & PriyankaGupta 2nd Year Deptt. Of Civil Engineering World College Of Technology And Management

2. Overview • Brief Introduction • History • Systems & principles • Observation platforms • Sensors • Applications • Perspective in Bangladesh Synthetic aperture radar image of Death Valley colored using polarimetry

3. Introduction • A science and art of collecting infos about objects, area from distance without any physical contact with them • Classifications • Passive remote sensing • Sun as a source of EM energy • Active remote sensing • Own source of EM energy

4. History • It became possible with the invention of camera in nineteenth century • Astronomy was the first field to exploit this technique, first world war • Till 1960, all the photographs were black & white • July 1972, ERTS-1 (Landstat-1) • SPOT, IRS-1A, JERS, MOS, RADARSAT ERTS-1 before launch in 1972

5. Systems of RS • An idealized remote sensing system consists the following stages- 1. Energy source 2. Propagation of energy 3. Energy interaction with surface 4. Airborne/space borne sensors receiver 5. Transmission of data to earth station 6. Multiple-data user

6. 6 Systems of RS Distribution Receiving station processing Archiving

7. Basic Principles • RS refers to the sensing of Electromagnetic Radiation which is reflected, scattered or emitted from the object on the surface • Therefore Electromagnetic Energy interaction with the object is a big factor • EM is a form of energy that moves with the velocity of light in a harmonic pattern • It consists of sinusoidal waves

8. Basic Principles • EM Spectrum • EM radiation can be produced at a range of wave lengths and can be categorized according to its position into discrete regions which is referred to EM spectrum • RS deals with energy in visible, infrared, thermal and microwave regions • Significant amount of RS performed using infrared ray is not related to heat

9. EM Radiation and the Atmosphere • The resisting materials in the atmosphere like water vapor, oxygen, ozone, aerosols influence EM radiation through- • Scattering • Absorption • EM radiation that strikes or encounters object is referred to incident radiation • The incident radiation changes and the science of RS detects and records these changes

10. Observation Platforms • Remote Sensing is done and observed from mainly two types of platforms- • Air Borne platforms • Space Based platforms • Air borne platforms: Observations from Aircraft based platforms are very expensive and time costly • Till now, RS of the surface of earth has been done by several platforms like • balloons, pigeons • Aircraft mounted system for military purposes • India currently uses models named Dakota, AVRO Bench-craft Superking Air 200 The TR-1 reconnaissance/surveillance aircraft

11. Observation Platforms • Space based platforms: It is more cost effective and has several advantages • Satellite • Polar orbiting satellites • Geo-stationary satellites • Landstat satellites • SPOT satellite program

12. Observation Platforms 100 meter resolution

13. Observation Platforms 30 meter resolution

14. Observation Platforms 5 meter resolution

15. Sensors • Remote Sensing sensors are electronic instruments that receive EM radiation and generate an electrical signal corresponding to the energy variation of different earth surface features • The signal can be recorded and displayed as numerical data or image • The strength of the signal depends on • Energy flux • Altitude • Spectral band width • Instantaneous field of view (IFOV) • Dwell time

16. Applications • RS provides a practical means for accurate and continuous monitoring earth’s natureand other resources • Agriculture • Forestry • Land use and soils • Geology • Urban Land Use • Water Resources

17. Applications • Coastal Environment • Ocean Resources • Street-network based applications • Facilities management • Disasters • Digital elevation models • Contours (>10m) • Slope/Aspect analysis • Large scale mapping upto 1:25000 scale

18. Applications

19. Perspective In India • Remote sensing has enabled mapping, studying, monitoring and management of various resources like agriculture, forestry, geology, water, ocean etc. It has further enabled monitoring of environment and thereby helping in conservation. In the last four decades it has grown as a major tool for collecting information on almost every aspect on the earth. With the availability of very high spatial resolution satellites in the recent years, the applications have multiplied. In India remote sensing has been used for various applications during the last four decades and has contributed significantly towards development. • India has its own satellites like Indian Remote Sensing Satellite (IRS) series - Resourcesat, Cartosat, Oceansat etc which provide required data for carrying out various projects. Some of the important projects carried out in the country include Groundwater Prospects Mapping under Drinking Water Mission, Forecasting Agricultural output using Space, Agrometeorology and Land based observations (FASAL), Forest Cover/Type Mapping, Grassland Mapping, Biodiversity Characterisation, Snow & Glacier Studies, Land Use/Cover mapping, Coastal Studies, Coral and Mangroves Studies, Wasteland Mapping etc. The information generated by large number of projects have been used by various departments, industries and others for different purposes like development planning, monitoring, conservation etc.

20. Indian Remote Sensing Satellites

21. Assessment of weather in India using remote sensing

22. India’s Ground Water

23. Perspective in Bangladesh • The Space Research and Remote Sensing Organization (SPARRSO) is the national space agency of Bangladesh established in 1980 • SPARRSO has used Remote Sensing a number of times for • Disaster monitoring • Environment study • Forestry • Still they are in lack of modern equipments and facilities

24. Thank You