1 / 38

Chapter 7: Memory

Chapter 7: Memory. Three Kinds of Memory Three Processes of Memory Three Stages of Memory Forgetting and Memory Improvement. Bell Work: Chapter 7 Section 1. Get books/folders 1 st Ten Minutes Read All of Pg. 153

doli
Download Presentation

Chapter 7: Memory

An Image/Link below is provided (as is) to download presentation Download Policy: Content on the Website is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use and may not be sold / licensed / shared on other websites without getting consent from its author. Content is provided to you AS IS for your information and personal use only. Download presentation by click this link. While downloading, if for some reason you are not able to download a presentation, the publisher may have deleted the file from their server. During download, if you can't get a presentation, the file might be deleted by the publisher.

E N D

Presentation Transcript


  1. Chapter 7: Memory Three Kinds of Memory Three Processes of Memory Three Stages of Memory Forgetting and Memory Improvement

  2. Bell Work: Chapter 7 Section 1 • Get books/folders • 1st Ten Minutes • Read All of Pg. 153 • Think of some general knowledge, experiences, and skills you hold in your memory • List some skills you have, something you remember learning from Grade school, and some huge event you remember! • We will create a class list and categorize them later • Task #1 • Write down all the T/F on pg. 154 with a space underneath each statement to be fixed later on

  3. Task #2: Quiet 10 Minutes • In your Journal Write down the overall Question of Section 1 • Then apply your PQ4R skills of Previewing and asking questions about your reading of Section 1 • Hint: There should be 5 Questions...... • The 1st should be What is Memory • The 2nd should be What are the three kinds of memory • You should be able to figure out the 3 other questions as well as answers by applying the 4 R’s (Read, Reflect, Recite, Review)

  4. What is Memory • Memory is the process by which we recollect prior experiences and information and skills leaned in the past • There a 3 KINDS OF MEMORY • Episodic Memory • Generic Memory • Procedural Memory

  5. What is episodic memory • Episodic Memory is the memory of a specific event. • Event that took place in the person’s presence, or the person experienced the event • Flashbulb Memory • Recalling events in great detail • Some episodic memories are so intense that its as if we photographed many of the details • Knowing exactly where you were when 9/11 happen is an example of this

  6. What is Generic Memory? • Generic Memory is the general knowledge that people remember • Not really focused on when info was acquired • Examples • Who freed the slaves? • Who is the president of the U.S? • Name the capital of Nebraska

  7. What is Procedural Memory? Procedural Memory consists of skills, or procedures, you have learned • Examples: Riding a bike, Throwing a ball, Classroom rules/procedures

  8. Lesson Closing • Task #3 • Copy down Chart on board into columns titled Episodic, Generic, and Procedural Memory • Place the events listed into appropriate columns • Task #4 • Complete Thinking bout Psychology; pg. 155

  9. Bell Work • Get Books/Folders • Task #1: Answer the 1st True/False • Turn to Task #4 • Go over Answers to Thinking bout Psych

  10. Activity • Look at these Numbers for 30 Sec. • Try and memorize them using any means necessary other than writing them down OTTFFSSENT

  11. Task #5: PQ4R Section 2 • Only Form the Questions as you will look back to use this for review • Question 1: What are the 3 Processes of Memory? • Question 2: What is encoding? What makes it up? • Question 3: ?? • Question 4: ?? • Leave a line under each to possibly answer them!

  12. What are the 3 Processes of Memory? • Encoding • Storage • Retrieval • What makes up each?

  13. What are the 3 Processes of Memory? • What is Encoding • Translation of information into a form it can be stored • Changing physical stimulation received into psychological formats via Codes. Visual Codes Acoustic Codes Semantic Codes

  14. What are the 3 Processes of Memory? • What is Storage? • 2nd Process of memory • Maintenance of encoded information over a period of time • Maintenance Rehearsal • Elaborative Rehearsal • Org. Systems • Filing Errors

  15. What are the 3 Processes of Memory? • What is Retrieval? • Locating stored information and returning it to conscious thought • Context-Dependent • State-Dependent • Tip-o-Tongue

  16. Lesson Closing • Get w/ 9 o’clock partners • Designate one partner the “Memory” and the other person the “Information” • Information person will have information that will need to be given in 2 of the 3 types of codes (semantic, acoustic, visual) • Memory will then be presented with the information a couple of times and then have to recall them in front of the class

  17. 1 Visual/Acoustic/Semantic Codes • Visual • Attempts to keep a mental picture as the memory • Acoustic • Repeating information many times • Attempting to record information as a sequence of sounds • Semantic • Trying to figure out what the information might mean • Attempting to represent the information in terms of its meaning? Can you Remember the Letters from before?

  18. 2 Storage • Maintenance Rehearsal • Repeating information over and over again to keep from forgetting it • Think Practice, rehearsal, review work, etc • Elaborative Rehearsal • Making it meaningful by relating it to information already well known • Using vocab. Words in sentences, L-J vocab is an example of this • Org. Systems • Organizing information into classes/groups as our knowledge expands and grows • Filing Errors • We often mislabel when storing our information much like that of losing things like papers, CDs, computer files (forgot where saved!)

  19. 3 Retrieval • Context • Memories that come back to you in that place • Memory is b/c of the situation in which the person 1st had the experience • Think of Sayings/Rituals you may do in sports/activities • May only be recalled later in life by re-visitation • State • Memories retrieved b/c the mood in which they were originally encoded is recreated • Happy feelings = Happy memories : Sad = Sad • Tip-o-tongue • Read Tip of Tongue pg. 160; often use semantic/acoustic codes

  20. Bell Work • Task #6 • Thinking about Psychology (pg. 160) • Go back and answer the 2nd T/F of Task #1 (pg.157) • Task #7 • PQ4R Section 3: • Question 1: What are the three stages of memory? • Question 2: What is Sensory Memory? What makes it up? • Question 3: ? • Question 4: ?

  21. Memory!!!?!?!?!?!?? Look at figure 7.1 on pg. 154; right down the words from it on the top of your notes, do not draw them! http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KuvF113uty4

  22. What are the 3 Stages of Memory? Sensory Short Term Long Term

  23. Stages of Memory: Copy this down!

  24. What are the 3 Stages of Memory? • What is Sensory Memory? • 1st Stage of Memory • Immediate, initial recording of information through our senses • Mental pictures we take from visual stimuli are called Icons Iconic Memory Eidetic Memory Echoic Memory

  25. What are the 3 Stages of Memory? • What is Short Term Memory? • Also called Working Memory • Whenever you are thinking of something, met a new person, acquire new knowledge you attempt to remember it is here Primacy/Recency Chunking Interference

  26. What are the 3 Stages of Memory? • What is Long Term Memory • 3rd/Final Stage • Taking certain steps to store it there • Repetition is key!! • Maintenance and Elaborative • Capacity of Memory • Memory as Reconstructive • Schemas

  27. Lesson Closing • Revisit Task #1 • Answer T/F #3 from pg. 161 • Task #8 • Pg.165: Read/Answer Psychology in the World Today • HW for tomorrow (Worksheet) • Completion Grade on everything but Ways to Improve and Forgetting

  28. Iconic/Eidetic/Echoic Memory 1 • Iconic Memory • Like Snapshots, just a fraction of a second • Eidetic Memory • Ability to remember visual stimuli over long periods of time • Think “Photographic Memory” • Echoic Memory • Mental traces of sounds • Held longer, and easier to remember than visual codes • Saying things aloud or to yourself makes them easier

  29. Primacy/Recency/Chunking/Interf. 2 • Primacy Effect • Tendency to recall initial items in a series of items • Remembering the 1st things • Recency Effect • Tendency to recall last items in a series • Chunking • Organization of items into manageable or familiar unit. • Think of OTTFFSSENT easier to remember as • O TT FF SS ENT; here its 5 chunks before 10 letters • Interference • Occurs when new information appears in short-term memory and takes place of what was already there

  30. Capacity/Reconstructive/Schemas 3 • Capacity of Memory • Can hold the equivalent of vast numbers of videos/films of our lifetime of experience; more likely to remember things that make an impact on us and are paying close attention to • Memory as Reconstructive • Memories are not recorded and played back just like Videos but instead RECONSTRUCTED according to the personal and individual ways we view the world • Schemas • Mental representations that we form the world by organizing bits of information into knowledge are called schemas

  31. Bell Work • Turn in Movie Projects right away!! • Task #9 • Complete Thinking about Psychology (pg. 166) • Go over answers to Task #6 • Completion Check of HW from yesterday

  32. Task #10 • PQ4R • Section 4 • Question 1: What is Forgetting and Memory Improvement • Question 2: ? • Question 3: ? • Question 4: ? • Question 5: ? • Question 6: ?

  33. What is forgetting and Memory Imp.? • Forgetting can occur at any of the three stages of memory • Sensory • Short-term • Long-term • Sensory can be forgotten almost immediately • Short term could after 10-12 seconds unless you find a way to transfer it to long term (Think Dan and phone #) • Long term memory forgetting often occurs b/c memory is recalled incorrectly or is mixed up w/ new information

  34. 3 Basic Tasks: Recognition, Recall, and Relearning • Recognition (Read 1st paragraph pg. 168) • Identifying objects or events that have been encountered before • What are the easiest types of tests? • Forgetting defined as failure to recognize something encountered • Recall • To Bring it back in to mind, trying to reconstruct it in your mind • Forgetting much easier, if in short term memory forgetting gradually decreases w/time but still decreases • Re-Learning • Not remembering things once learned, but relearning can often be rapid • Think Math problems/formula’s

  35. Different Kinds of Forgetting • Forgetting often attributed to interference or decay • Decay • Fading away of memory • Similar to a burning out candle

  36. Extreme forms of Memory Loss • Repression • Memories that may be so painful or unpleasant that they are forgotten to “help” protect us from anxiety • Amnesia • Severe memory loss caused by brain injury, shock, fatigue, etc. • Infantile: Memory loss before age 3 • Anterograde: Memory loss from trauma that prevents forming new memories • Retrograde: Memory loss leading up to a traumatic event: Concussions=exmample

  37. Improving Memory • MEMORY CAN BE IMPROVED • Drill and Practice: Transfer from SM to STM to LTM • Relate to knowledge (Elaborative) • Form unusual Associations • Read aloud Section • Construct Links bt items • Mnemonic Devices • Systems for remembering information • Chunking, acronyms, jingles

  38. Lesson Closing • Quietly read through review on pg. 174 • Believe me this will greatly help your comprehension • As you do this be looking at Tasks (2,5,7, and 10) • Complete Review (Due Monday in class) • Terms/Concepts 1-10 • Critical Review 1-6 • TEST TUESDAY!! REVIEW MONDAY

More Related