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M . Campbell, Truman State University, Truman State University,

Developing Diverse G ermplasm and Student S kill S ets to Address N eeds in the Food I ndustry. M . Campbell, Truman State University, Truman State University, Annual GEM Cooperator meeting, ASTA, Dec. , Chicago, IL. Truman State University

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M . Campbell, Truman State University, Truman State University,

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  1. Developing Diverse Germplasmand Student Skill Sets to Address Needs in the Food Industry. M. Campbell, Truman State University, Truman State University, Annual GEM Cooperator meeting, ASTA, Dec. , Chicago, IL

  2. Truman State University Mandated by the state of Missouri to serve as its only highly selective public Liberal Arts and Sciences University. Goals of University - Focus: undergraduates - To ‘Liberally’ Educate - Provide students an opportunity to engage in research.

  3. UW-Madison (corn silage quality) NDSU (short season) Cornell (Plant Pathology) USDA Ames Iowa (ISU) Yield – ‘agronomics’ USDA Raleigh NC (NC-state) Yield – ‘agronomics’ Texas A&M (Drought resistance) Truman Provides students opportunity to practice applied genetic Truman State University (Food/industrial starch Development) USDA Univ. Missouri- (Genomics)

  4. Truman Agriculture program: -One of 25 state universities with agriculture programs -Small ag. programs collectively graduate more majors than our ‘Flagship Land-grant’ school State Funding Faculty Entering Freshman Corporate Funding – out of state- 1996 - 2012

  5. Other Challenges : • Varied levels of a basic understanding of sciences among student and faculty. • Healthy skepticism vs. general mistrust of industry and new technologies • Conventional plant breeding lumped with GMO’s

  6. Hybrids replaced local varieties. USDA scientists rushed to collect and preserve germplasm. Your grandparents were plant breeders!!! Perkins yellow dentPI 269744 Accession was collected -1960. Missouri, US.Locality: From Perkins family in Adair County who have grown it for years

  7. Resistant starch, the last novelty on that list of ingredients, has the corn refiners particularly excited today. They've figured out how to tease a new starch from corn that is virtually indigestible. You would not think this as a particularly good thing for a food to be, unless of course your goal is to somehow get around the biological limit on how much each of us can eat in a year. Since the body can't break down resistant starch, it slips through the digestive track without ever turning into calories of glucose -- a particular boon, we're told, for diabetics. When fake sugars and fake fats are joined by fake starches, the food industry will at long last have overcome the dilemma of the fixed stomach: whole meals you can eat as often or as much of as you like, since this food will leave no trace. Meet the ultimate -- the utterly elastic! -- industrial eater

  8. Colon Cancer: 3rd most common cancer in the Western World. 4th most common in US Butyrate: main energy used by large intestinal epithelial (inner lining) cells. inhibits the malignant transformation of such cells

  9. ‘The addition of a resistant starch to oral rehydration solution reduces fecal fluid loss and shortens the duration of diarrhea in adolescents and adults with cholera. ‘

  10. Hypoglycemia • low blood sugar, is the most common adverse event associated with insulin therapy. • Excess insulin in causes large amounts of glucose to be taken up by liver and too little glucose to be released later. • Especially a problem with children at night. • Slow release starch theoropy for Nocturnal hypoglycemia Hepatocyte cell

  11. PI 586689. incorporates germplasm from CIMMYT Pool 33 QPM (modified opaque-2) and synthetic BSCB1(R)C11. Developed by Dr. Brent Zehr at Purdue University. A: F1 ears: PI 586689 x NS amylomaize VII line) PI 586690. Incorporates germplasm from CIMMYT Pool 33 QPM (modified opaque-2) and synthetic BSSS(R)C11. Developed by Dr. Brent Zehr at Purdue University. B: F1 ears: 586690 x SS amylomaize VII line)

  12. GEM program and Benefits for Public Cooperators

  13. Presence of an active plant breeding program educates students and faculty of all majors. • Financial support helps to leverage further funding. • Provides relevance to science: food security, economic development, awareness of genetic resources as a non renewable resource

  14. Recently awarded to Missouri State University and Truman State University. Enhancing plant breeding program through collaborative distance learning and student exchange

  15. History leasons: Embraced by the world, corn became the real gold Columbus discovered.

  16. Corn is a starch crop • 75% starch • High yielding, stores well, energy dense • Improved food security • Shift in Diet: Enriched with carbohydrate. • Cost: Compromised health

  17. Examples Mississippian Skeletal Remains. Indicators of iron deficiency, poor growth and health upon adoption of corn. Enamel hypoplasia: may be due to increased use of maize in the weanling diet (Illinois) Alan Goodman Department of Anthropology, University of MA Clark Spencer LarsenDepartment of Anthropology The Ohio State University

  18. Demonstrate value of diversity to improve a crop.

  19. ae Recently this iso-form has been knocked out by .. • Mutator sbe1a-Mu;ae (Penn State) • Gene silencing – antisence/RNAi (DuPont) Resulting in amylomaize VII starch

  20. Electron microscopy at Truman GEMS-0067 filamentous granules Andrew Green; Currently graduate student plant breeding Kansas State

  21. Dr. Brent Buckner Professor of Biology Genomics: a tool that has application in allele mining with germplasm

  22. Automated Data Insertions Dr. Jon Beck, Computer science

  23. Populating the database • Manual • Automated

  24. Manual Data Insertions

  25. Dr. Brian Lamp Professor of Chemistry

  26. Dr. Cynthia Cooper Professor of Biology Microbiologist

  27. GEM/LAMP An International Effort

  28. Resistant starch germplasm

  29. Resistant starch NS

  30. Resistant starch SS

  31. Soils, climate, adaptation, test crossing of Nepal accessions

  32. Glenn Wehner, animal science

  33. Influence of High Amylose Corn on Growth Rates of Animal? Figure 3. Reduction in skatole concentration of hog feces when fed a ration containing potato starch as the source of resistant starch (Clause et al 2003)

  34. Incorporation of high amylose corn starch in two noodle types as a means of introducing resistant starch into the diet. Christina Spellman and Yuka Shibasaki Udon (Japanese) is a type of thick wheat-based noodle popular in Japanese cuisine (Wiki)

  35. Wheat flour substituted with varying proportions of high amylose starch (HAS)

  36. Muffins Normal ae ae su2 du su2 ae du

  37. Average of All Genotypes Error Bars represent +/- 1 standard error

  38. Population density

  39. Population density

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