Crisis in the Colonies

1. Crisis in the Colonies Chapter 5 U.S. History

2. France posed the most serious threat to English colonies • The French were determined to halt westward expansion by the English European Rivals in North America

3. The Ohio River Valley linked French settlements in Canada and along the Mississippi River. • Ohio river marked the western border of British-controlled lands European Rivals in North America

4. Both the French and English sought Native American allies • French alliance with the Iroquois nation led to early British defeats French and Indian War

5. William Pitt’s strategy for winning Britain's war with France was to use Britain’s best generals in North America. French and Indian War

6. British troops were able to surprise the French at Quebec by climbing a steep cliff at night • The capture of Quebec by the British led to the fall of New France French and Indian War

7. After the Treaty of Paris, Britain and Spain controlled most of the land in North America • Quebec Act established protection for rights of French Catholics Treaty of Paris

8. The Proclamation of 1763 was signed to avoid conflicts with Native Americans in the Ohio Valley • Proclamation Line of 1763 was designed to protect Native American lands Proclamation of 1763

9. Parliament approved colonial taxes to help pay for the costs of the French and Indian War. • Stamp Act imposed duties (taxes) on legal documents Turmoil Over Taxation

10. Parliament then passed the Townshend Acts, which taxed goods such as paper, paint, glass, and lead Turmoil Over Taxation

11. Sons and Daughters of Liberty formed to protest taxes • Mercy Otis Warren and Abigail Adams organized resistance to British taxes through their writings Turmoil Over Taxation

12. New colonial leaders emerged as tensions with Britain grew: • Samuel Adams • John Adams • Patrick Henry Turmoil Over Taxation

13. British troops were sent to Boston to protect customs officials • Crowds threw objects at soldiers • Troops shot into the crowd, killing five Boston Massacre

14. In response to the shootings, Samuel Adams wrote letters to other colonies to build outrage • Letter-writing campaigns became the committees of correspondence to report of events in Massachusetts Boston Massacre

15. British troops were given a fair trial in a colonial court Boston Massacre

16. Colonists protested the Tea Act by boycotting British tea • Boston Tea Party: “Boston harbor is a teapot tonight! The Mohawks are come!” • Colonists destroyed British property From Protest to Revolution

17. In retaliation for the Boston Tea Party, Parliament passed laws punishing Massachusetts • Colonists called these laws the Intolerable Acts because they were so harsh Parliament Strikes Back

18. Laws placed limits on colonists’ rights to call town meetings. • Parliament shut down the port of Boston • British soldiers were housed in colonists’ homes Intolerable Acts

19. British troops tried to seize colonists’ arms and ammunition • Colonial militia drove the troops back to Boston Lexington and Concord

20. Battles signaled the start of the American Revolution Lexington and Concord

21. Good Luck on Your Test!