ENG 3C - Exam Review

1. ENG 3C - Exam Review Details of the Exam: When: Thursday Jan 24, 2013 Be in class by: 8:17 am Time: 8:30 am How long: 90 minutes – 120 minutes Total amount of pages: 9

2. The exam consists of 4 parts... • Part A: Content and terms - based on Long Way Gone, First Stone, Short Stories and Business Writing • Part B: Sight passage with questions • Part C: Long Response based on a scenario • Part D: Long Response based on business writing unit

3. Re-examine the Short Stories Unit... • Key elements of a short story • Plot • Character • Point of View • Setting • Theme • Conflict

4. Plot • Plot is the sequence of events that happen in a story. Plot provides a story with structure, like a map of a story. • Plot has five basic points. • Exposition is the beginning of the story. • Rising action is when something starts to happen. • Climax is the high point of the action. • Falling action is the action following the climax, a cool down. • Resolution is the conclusion of the action when everything comes together.

5. Plot Diagram

6. Character • The term character refers to a person or an animal in a story, play or other literary work. • A Dynamic Character changes as a result of the events of the story. • A Static Character changes very little or not at all through the literary work. • A character’s motivation is any force (i.e.: love, fear, jealousy) that drives the character to behave in a particular way.

7. Character Con’t… • The protagonist is the main character in a story. The story often revolves around this character. • The antagonist is the force that or character who opposes the protagonist.

8. Point of View • Point of view is the vantage point from which a story is told. • First Person: The narrator is a character, often the main character, of the story. This character reveals personal thoughts and feelings but is unable to tell the feelings of others unless he or she is told by another character. The first person narrator refers to him or herself as “I.”

9. Point of View Con’t… • Third-Person Omniscient: This is the all-knowing narrator. The omniscient point of view sees everything and hears everything, and is able to see into the minds of multiple characters.

10. Setting • Setting generally provides the time and place of a specific scene or chapter, the entire story, a play or a narrative poem. • Setting can also include the mood of the time period, situation or event. • Setting can also be the social, political, environmental or emotional climate. • Setting can also include the emotional state of a character.

11. Theme • Theme is a comment or discussion on human nature • Theme is the main idea or strong message tied to life. • Theme threads itself through a story, chapter or scene to make a point about life, society or human nature. • Theme is typically implied rather than blatant. The reader has to think about it. • Generally, there is one major theme in a piece of literature. Additional themes can often be found in a piece of literature.

12. Conflict • Conflict is a struggle between opposing characters or opposing forces. • Conflict creates the plot of a story. Conflict is the problem or struggle in a story. • There are four general types of conflict in literature: • Man versus Man is the conflict of one person against another person. • Man versus Nature is the conflict a person encounters with the forces of nature, and shows how insignificant one person can be when compared to the cosmic scheme of things. • Man versus Society is the conflict of a person/people and the views of society. Prejudice/Racism is a good example. • Man versus Self is internal conflict. It is those conflicts an individual has with his conscience.

13. A Long Way GoneBy Ishmael Beah • It is a real life story... • A Long Way Goneis the true story of Ishmael Beah, who becomes an unwilling boy soldier during a civil war in Sierra Leone. • It is a story of survival... • When he is twelve (12) years old, Beah's village is attacked while he is away performing in a rap group with friends. When war reaches Ishmael's village, he is travelling to another village. Among the confusion, violence, and uncertainty of the war, Ishmael, his brother, and his friends wander from village to village in search of food and shelter.

14. A Long Way GoneBy Ishmael BeahCon’t… • It is a story of violence... • Ishmael is conscripted as a soldier by the army and he becomes the very thing he feared: a killing machine capable of horrible violence. The army becomes his family and he is brainwashed into believing that each rebel death may avenge his own family's slaughter

15. A Long Way GoneBy Ishmael BeahCon’t… • It is a story of perseverance... • Ishmael is saved by UNICEF and is taken to a rehabilitation center, where he struggles to understand his past and to imagine a future. The love and compassion he finds at the center from a nurse named Esther opens up an understanding and forgiveness within himself. Unfortunately war returns to Freetown and Ishmael has to go to New York. There he conveys the horrors of of war to the United Nations.

16. Questions to consider... • What village is Ishmael Beah from? • Describe Beah and his friends - what kind of boys are they? What do they like to do and how do they relate to each other? • Describe Beah's relationship with his family - mother, father and brothers. • What circumstances prompt Beah to write the following quotes in the novel, "being alive itself is a burden" and "That night for the first time in my life I realized that it is the physical presence of people and their spirits that gives a town life" • Why were people afraid of group of boys who travelled together? • How is Beah saved by coincidence?

17. Questions to consider... • What happens to his family? • How do the RUF dress - think about Western culture influences? • What changes for Beah at the village of Yele? • What does Ishmael and the other boys do when they are not on a mission? • Brown-Brown?

18. Questions to consider... • At one point, the lieutenant tells them, "We are not like the rebels, those riffraffs who kill people for no reason" What is ironic about this? • What are some things child soldiers experience in the midst of rehabilitation? • During rehabilitation why does the woman want Ishmael to state his own name, out loud?

19. The First StoneBy Don Aker • REEF IS AN EMBITTERED YOUNG OFFENDER, hardly able to contain his anger at the world over the death of his grandmother, the only person who had shown him any love. Seventeen-year-old Leeza is mourning the death of her older sister. A stone hurled in rage shatters both their lives and throws them together in the most unexpected way—and offers them a chance at healing.

20. The First StoneBy Don Aker Con’t • The novel shows the reader - that individuals are capable of change. Therefore, one of the central themes in the novel is redemption. Chad Kennedy who goes by the nickname Reef is a trouble youth. One night after hanging out with his best friends Bigger and Jink, he decides to do the unthinkable.

21. The First StoneBy Don Aker Con’t • While standing at an overpass, Chad takes out a rock from his pocket and imagines its flight plan down the street below. During this cold Halifax night, Chad throws the rock and it meets its target - the windshield of a green Subaru driven by Elizabeth "Leeza" Hemming. This act changes Reef's fate and Leeza's life forever.

22. The First StoneBy Don Aker Con’t • In court Chad Kennedy is charged with two counts of mischief. What is particularly disturbing during the trial is his uncaring attitude. Reef's motto up to this point in life was “What don’t kill you makes you stronger.” This motto only underlines his uncaring attitude Even though Reef resents his grandfather who was an abusive alcoholic, he cannot help it by becoming like him. He is sentenced to North Hills Group Home and is under the direct supervision of Frank Colville. With the sentence comes a change to Reef's life.

23. The First StoneBy Don Aker Con’t • During his stay at the group home and through volunteering he learns more and more about himself and his victim, Leeza. In fact, both of them grown very close and Reef begins to change. We find out a lot of things about Reef. One of those things is that Chad Kennedy is fascinated with rocks. He has been collecting those ever since he was a little boy. It was his grandmother who he dearly admires that helped him collect these stones and categorize them according to their texture and size. Some of those stones were unique - usually the ones that did not fit into any category. These irregular but special stones represent him.

24. The First StoneBy Don Aker Con’t • Although Reef's grandmother had passed away due to cancer, as did Ellen, Leeza's older sister, both find comfort in themselves. We find out that Chad likes his nickname not because of the incident in which he burned himself while smoking weed because of his long toke that earned him the reputation and nickname of Grim Reefer or Reef. Rather he likes it because it reminds him of coral reefs which protect living organisms.

25. The First StoneBy Don Aker Con’t • At the end of the novel, Chad changes. His old friends – Bigger, Jink and Scar go their separate ways. His good friend from the group home Alex still keeps in touch with him. Unfortunately his growing relationship with Leeza has been severed by the truth of his acts. Reef does redeem himself - he presents and gives lectures in schools about his experience and finally admits to himself - that the main reason for his anger, frustration was fear. He even cries which is a sign of him coming to terms with his life and past.

26. Questions to consider... • Describe Chad Kennedy at the beginning of the novel and at the end of the novel. What has changed? • What is Chad's attitude during the court room proceedings? • Did his punishment fit the crime? • How did Frank Colville control the individuals staying at the group home?

27. Questions to consider... • What was Reef's duty during his stay? • Why was Reef so angry? • What happened to his mother? • Why did Reef change?

28. Business Writing – Cover Letters, Resumes and the Business Letter • Cover Letter • Resume • Business Letter

29. Cover Letter • Convinces the reader to consider you because it shows your personality, attitude and enthusiasm • Effective CVs express skills, and qualifications that are tailored to a position/company that "sell" your qualifications to that employer • Remember to be personal but professional. • CVs expand on your points that you have in your resume.

30. Resume • - Mentions your objective and education as well as experience and contact information. • - The main purpose of a resume is to get an interview. • - Your resume should be one page and mention certain key words - this is important since most employers do not spend more than 35 seconds per resume to make a decision.

31. Business Letter • Remember that the purpose of a business letter is to communicatebetween two people in a formal manner. • Business letters follow the same format - Refer to the format in this package. Remember that a complaint letter - like the one that you have completed in class is a type of a Business letter!

32. There Will Come Soft Rain 1. What is the point of view in this story? How do you know this (what evidence points to this?)  2. What is the benefit of this?  3. State one typeof conflict most evident in the story. 4. Clearly indicate the climax or turning point in the story. How do you know this? 5. Is this a good title for the story? Why / Why not?  6. What is the theme of the story? 7. Create a theme statement for the story. Provide evidence from the story to support this statement

33. Citizens Arrest 1. Who are the following characters and what is their response to the theft? • Mr. Granovsky: • Clerk: • Mr. Levine: • Mr. Sileo: • Thief:

34. Citizens Arrest Con’t 2. Who is the protagonist and who is the antagonist in this story?  3. What is ironic about the ending?  4. Focus on the theme: One of the themes of this story is that the justice system is not always "just." Write a paragraph about this idea based on the events and outcome of this story.

35. 5. Use the provided organizer for a complaint letter and write a complaint letter in the role of the narrator to the police protesting the ticket you got. Your name is: John Granovsky 9130 Columbia Way Bolton, ON, L4P 4C7 (905) 856 7745 Police Address: Mr. John Steward Staff Sergeant O.P.P Caledon 563 Roberts Street Bolton, ON, L5N 5C7 (905) 914 5674 Remember that you were issued a ticket outside for parking your car in a No Parking zone. However, you are upset that the police picked on you - when the real thief and culprit walked away without being punished for his crime. In fact, he even came up to you and made the complaint in order to get back at you for reporting his crime!