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Splash Screen. Chapter Introduction Section 1: History and Governments Section 2: Cultures and Lifestyles Visual Summary. Chapter Menu.

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  1. Splash Screen

  2. Chapter Introduction Section 1:History and Governments Section 2:Cultures and Lifestyles Visual Summary Chapter Menu

  3. Regions South Asia is the birthplace of several world religions, such as Hinduism, Buddhism, and Sikhism. Islam has a large following in the region, and there are also followers of Jainism, Christianity, and other faiths. How do religious beliefs and practices influence people’s lives? Chapter Intro 1

  4. Section 1: History and Governments Geography is used to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan for the future. Civilizations and empires rose and fell in South Asia, but the religions that developed centuries ago are still influential. South Asia’s countries were also shaped by a long period of British rule from the late 1700s until the mid-1900s. Chapter Intro 2

  5. Section 2: Cultures and Lifestyles The characteristics and movements of people impact physical and human systems.The people of South Asia belong to different ethnic groups, speak a variety of languages, and practice a number of religions. The rapid growth of this varied population is straining the region’s resources and contributing to widespread poverty. Chapter Intro 2

  6. Chapter Intro-End

  7. Geography is used to interpret the past, understand the present, and plan for the future. Section 1-Main Idea

  8. Content Vocabulary varna caste reincarnation dharma karma nirvana civil disobedience boycott Academic Vocabulary status capable consequence Section 1-Key Terms

  9. Hindus believe that the water of the Brahmaputra River cleanses the body and the soul. Located near Bangladesh’s capital, Dhaka, the Brahmaputra River is where, on a specific day, thousands of Hindu believers take baths to receive blessings. People believe that on this holy day, the river contains all the blessings of all the holy places in the world. To learn more about South Asia, read Section 1. Section 1-Key Terms

  10. A B Do you believe that a river can cleanse your body and soul? A. Yes B. No Section 1-Polling Question

  11. Mohandas Gandhi’s nonviolent protest Salt March gained the attention of the world. He led a march to the seacoast and then defied British law by making salt from seawater. The British in the early 1900s had a heavy tax on salt and also a law against Indians making their own. The march became a step toward India’s independence from Britain. Section 1

  12. Early History Thousands of years ago, people in South Asia developed a complex social structure, two of the world’s major religions, and powerful empires. Section 1

  13. Early History (cont.) South Asia’s first cities, Harappa and Mohenjo Daro, appeared in the Indus River valley by 2500 B.C. and had structures made of brick, carefully laid-out streets, plumbing, and sewers. Section 1

  14. Early History (cont.) The Indus Valley civilization declined between 1700 B.C. and 1500 B.C., possibly because of earthquakes, floods, or the Indus River changing its course. Indus ValleyCivilization Section 1

  15. Early History (cont.) About 1500 B.C., nomadic herders known as Aryans settled in northern South Asia. They developed a spoken language called Sanskrit through which they passed on hymns and religious teachings. When Sanskrit became a written language, these traditions were recorded in sacred writings called the Vedas. Section 1

  16. Early History (cont.) The Aryans had four broad social groups called varnas. Priests had the highest status, followed by warriors, farmers, and servants. Eventually people were separated by caste, or social group that someone is born into and cannot change and that determines a person’s positions in life. Section 1

  17. Early History (cont.) Hinduism is one of the world’s oldest religions. Hindus believe that every living being has a soul that wants to be reunited with Brahman. To achieve this reunion, a soul must repeatedly undergo reincarnation—being born into a new body after dying. Section 1

  18. Early History (cont.) Hindus believe that if they perform their duty, called dharma, they will earn good karma, or the consequences of how a person lives, and will move closer to Brahman in the next life. Section 1

  19. Early History (cont.) In the 500s B.C., Buddhism was founded by a young prince named Siddhartha Gautama who gave up wealth and family in search of truth, eventually becoming known as the Buddha, or “Enlightened One.” Section 1

  20. Early History (cont.) The Buddha taught that people suffer because they are too attached to material things and that by following his Eightfold Path, they can reach a state of endless peace and joy called nirvana. Section 1

  21. Early History (cont.) In the 300s B.C., a prince named Chandragupta Maurya conquered a large area in the Ganges River valley called the Mauryan Empire. Chandragupta’s grandson, Aśoka, gained power in 274 B.C. and expanded the empire to include almost the entire subcontinent. Section 1

  22. Early History (cont.) In the early 1500s, Moguls, or Muslim warriors, created an empire in South Asia. Emperor Akbar added new lands to the empire, reduced taxes, and improved the lives of ordinary people. Akbar brought peace and order to his empire by treating all people fairly, including the Hindu majority. Section 1

  23. Early History (cont.) Later Mogul rulers weakened the empire. By the early 1700s, the empire had collapsed into many different kingdoms. Section 1

  24. A B C D The following are all features of Hinduism EXCEPT: A.Dharma B.Reincarnation C.Karma D.Nirvana Section 1

  25. Modern South Asia After a period of British rule, South Asians set up independent countries during the 1900s. Section 1

  26. Modern South Asia (cont.) In the 1600s, the East India Company built a string of trading posts along the coasts of India, with forts to protect them. Through trade and military might, the British became the dominant power in South Asia, having colonized most of the subcontinent by the mid-1880s. Section 1

  27. Modern South Asia (cont.) Many local people felt that the British were trying to change their culture. In 1857 Indian soldiers in the company’s army rebelled against their British officers. The revolt spread across northern India, but Britain sent more troops and put down the rebellion, and the British took complete control of the country. Section 1

  28. Modern South Asia (cont.) By the early 1900s, independence movements were spreading across South Asia. The popular Indian leader Mohandas Gandhi protested British rule by nonviolent civil disobedience—the refusal to obey unjust laws using peaceful protests—and by encouraging strikes and boycotts, or refusal to buy, British goods. Section 1

  29. Modern South Asia (cont.) In 1947 the British government divided India. The mostly Hindu area became India. The mostly Muslim area became Pakistan, which was further divided into West and East Pakistan. Section 1

  30. Modern South Asia (cont.) In 1971 East Pakistan declared its independence and became the new country of Bangladesh. Pakistan now includes only the lands northwest of India. History at a Glance Section 1

  31. Modern South Asia (cont.) In 1948 Britain gave independence to the island of Ceylon which later took back its ancient name of Sri Lanka. Maldives won independence from Britain in 1965. Nepal and Bhutan, two other countries in the region, had always been free of European rule. Section 1

  32. Modern South Asia (cont.) India and Pakistan continue to fight over the ownership of Kashmir in the Himalaya and Karakoram mountains. Each has nuclear weapons. Even though they have developed better relations through peace talks, they have not been able to settle their dispute over Kashmir. Section 1

  33. Modern South Asia (cont.) In Sri Lanka, a civil war began in 1983 between the government and ethnic Tamil groups who want a separate nation. In Nepal, communist rebels have fought the government since 1996, and the country’s king has limited his powers under pressure from democratic groups. Section 1

  34. A B C D Which region is India and Pakistan fighting over? A.Kashmir B.Nepal C. Bhutan D. Maldives Section 1

  35. Section 1-End

  36. The characteristics and movements of people impact physical and human systems. Section 2-Main Idea

  37. Content Vocabulary dzong sitar sari Academic Vocabulary ongoing primary contemporary Section 2-Key Terms

  38. In Jaipur, India, elephants are decorated with bright colored paint, fancy cloth, and jewelry for the Elephant Festival. The festival is held on the day before the celebration of Holi. This is the Indian festival of colors when people welcome the coming of spring. Spectators watch elephant races and polo matches and even an elephant tug-of-war, in which elephants compete against men. Read the next section to learn more about the people and cultures of South Asia. Section 2-Picture This

  39. A B C Would you consider marrying a person chosen for you? A. Yes B. No C.Maybe Section 2-Polling Question

  40. In rural India, women artists and craft makers have begun marketing their creations to large corporations that have gift-giving needs. The women earn much-needed income and self-esteem, the purchasing companies improve the rural economy, and those who receive the gifts have a handmade treasure of quality and beauty. Section 2

  41. The People of South Asia South Asia’s population has grown rapidly in the past 100 years. Section 2

  42. The People of South Asia (cont.) South Asia, with nearly 1.5 billion people, includes three of the world’s seven most populous nations—India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh. Ongoing population growth presents major challenges for South Asia. Section 2

  43. The People of South Asia (cont.) Reasons for South Asia’s dramatic population growth are improved medical and health care, which lowered death rates, and continued high birthrates. In the 1990s alone, India’s population rose by 175 million people. Section 2

  44. The People of South Asia (cont.) Population densities in the region are very high. India averages 869 people per square mile (336 per sq. km), and Bangladesh, South Asia’s most densely populated nation, has 2,594 people per square mile (1,001 per sq. km). In comparison, the United Sates averages 80 people per square mile (31 per sq. km). Section 2

  45. The People of South Asia (cont.) River valleys are densely settled, but desert areas have few inhabitants. More than two-thirds of South Asians live in rural areas, but the region also has large and growing cities such as Mumbai with more than 19 million people. Section 2

  46. The People of South Asia (cont.) South Asia’s cities are packed with buyers and sellers and vehicles ranging from carts to cars. Skyscrapers and modern apartments are signs of urban wealth and the growing middle class, but poverty is widespread, as evidenced by inadequate housing, homelessness, and begging. Section 2

  47. The People of South Asia (cont.) Unemployment, pollution, disease, crime, and lack of clean water are common problems in urban slums. Section 2

  48. The People of South Asia (cont.) Farmland is limited in mountainous Nepal and Bhutan and on the sandy islands of the Maldives. Elsewhere, overcrowding has reduced the size of the land plots that farmers can work. Section 2

  49. The People of South Asia (cont.) Inefficient farming methods lead to low crop yields, so millions of people barely grow enough food to feed their own families. Rural villages in South Asia may also lack safe drinking water and electricity. Section 2

  50. The People of South Asia (cont.) A well-known ethnic group in South Asia, the Sherpa, whose ancestors came from Tibet, are a farming people; but because of their remarkable endurance in high altitudes, many Sherpa are hired to guide climbing expeditions or to carry the gear and supplies on such trips. Section 2

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