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CARBOHYDRATES

CARBOHYDRATES . Give energy Polymers end in –OSE (polymers of sugars or saccharide) Plants store: STARCH Animals store: GLYCOGEN Structure material for plants CELLULOSE and CITIN Polar: dissolve in water. Carbohydrates gives energy and energy storage.

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CARBOHYDRATES

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  1. CARBOHYDRATES • Give energy • Polymers end in –OSE (polymers of sugars or saccharide) • Plants store: STARCH • Animals store: GLYCOGEN • Structure material for plants CELLULOSE and CITIN • Polar: dissolve in water

  2. Carbohydrates gives energy and energy storage

  3. Monomers of carbohydrates is monosaccharide • Simplest form of a sugar (can not be broken down) • Most common is GLUCOSE which is the reactant of aerobic respiration product of photosynthesis

  4. Carbohydrates are polymers are disaccharides and poly saccharide

  5. Example of disaccharides • Sucrose-table sugar • Maltose-sugar in “malt” liquor or beer • Lactose-sugar in milk

  6. Polysaccharides: long polymers of sugar bonded together (requires more energy to break the bonds • Starch: sugar in potatoes • Cellulose: sugar in plants(store energy) • Glycogen: stored sugar in animals

  7. Glycogen in animal; Cellulose in plants Cellulose provides short term energy in plants Glycogen: stored sugar for energy in the liver, muscles and brain

  8. Lipids: provides long term energy storage CHO

  9. Monomers of lipids: Fatty acids or glycerol –no polymers of lipids • Glycerol is the fat in soap (Glycerin) Can be vegetable glycerin or animal glycerin

  10. Examples of Lipids: Steroids • STEROIDS not ANABOLIC steroids • SEX hormones as a metabolic lipid

  11. Examples of LIPIDS:Cholestrol • Cholesterol is waxy substance in the cells of food. TOO MUCH CAUSES heart disease

  12. Examples of LIPIDS: Cell Membrane • Phospholipids: the outer covering of a animal cell

  13. Nucleic Acids are RNA and DNA; where genetic information is stored and carried

  14. Monomers of DNA is nucleotide • DNA and RNA are made of repeating nucleotides • Nucleotide: sugar, phosphate, and base

  15. Polymer of Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

  16. Examples of DNA in prokaryotic (bacteria) and Eukaryotic (animal)

  17. DNA has four bases Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, and Thymine (uracil in RNA)

  18. DNA aids in the synthesis of proteins

  19. Proteins: provide structural support for animals and plants (CHONS)

  20. Monomers of proteins: AMINO ACIDS • Provide excellent “food” for the brain; • 20 different biological amino acids (after translation in Protein synthesis)

  21. Polymers of proteins are POLYOPEPTIDE BONDS • Many protein bonds together

  22. STRUCTURAL protein: collagen, muscles, hair and tissue

  23. Protein Transports: Hemoglobin to membrane channels (people with Sickle Cell have a hemoglobin mutation)

  24. Human Body and mainly made up PROTEINS Example Antibodies: proteins produced in the body used to fight against diseases

  25. Example of Proteins: Enzymes • Catalyst for a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy • SPEEDS UP REACTIONS IN PROTEINS

  26. Enzyme lock and key MODEL

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