Starter: Foreign Relations

1. Starter: Foreign Relations

2. Answers

3. Elizabeth I: Foreign Relations 1558-1585 KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE The reasons why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated EVALUATE How far Elizabeth f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. How important was the role of key individuals and groupsand how were they affected by developments? How did relations with foreign powers change and how was the succession secured?

4. France and Scotland 1559-71 Using the handout: • What did the Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis (1559) conclude? • Should this treaty be considered a success for Elizabeth? • Use the sections ‘intervention in Scotland’ and ‘Intervention in France’ to fill in the table EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated

5. France and Scotland 1559-71

6. Spain 1559-71 TASK: Using P.83, create a mind map of the different reasons Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated in one colour, and why they did not in another colour. CHALLENGE Give each reason for deterioration a score /5, based on how far you think it deteriorated relations Write a paragraph explaining which reason you have the highest mark and why EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated

7. To what extent had Elizabeth achieved stable relations with foreign powers by 1571? Your answer to this question will depend on your definition of stability. Define the term stability and from this, fill in the table below (2 reasons per side). EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated

8. Elizabeth’s aims: 1571-1587 • Avoid War with Spain • Help Foreign Protestants • Increase crown finance through support of privateers • Prevent French/Spanish dominance of the Netherlands • Maintain trade links on the continent (esp. Netherlands)

9. France 1570-1587 • Anglo-French relations improved in this period (Treaty of Blois, April 1572) • But, the St. Bartholomew’s massacre happened shortly after, killing thousands of Huguenots • Yet England continued good relations, because relations with Spain were deteriorating (next slide will cover this) • Elizabeth’s aims were to minimise the threat of Spain, and encourage French support of Dutch rebels (but don’t let it result in France taking over!) • She kept open communication channels with the Crown and Huguenots • 1574 Elizabeth renewed the Treaty of Blois when Henry III takes over • It is in this period that Elizabeth also considered a marriage alliance (Anjou) • In 1580 Spain annexed Portugal • Elizabeth sought a formal alliance with France (+ aid for a Netherlands expedition), but Henry was suspicious and said he would only agree if Elizabeth married Anjou… • Elizabeth underwrites a Netherlands expedition led by Anjou, but it was a disaster and Anjou was driven out of the Netherlands. • Any further attempts to ally were nullified by the rapid decline in Henry III’s power when faced with Phillip II and the French Catholic League EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated TASK What was Elizabeth’s approach to Anglo-French relations in this period? Use examples to justify your answer.

10. Spain 1571-1587 TASK: Using pp.127-130, create a deteriorating timeline which captures key detail on how the following altered Anglo-Spanish relations: • Sea beggars • Summer of 1575 & Pacification of Ghent • 1576 (P1 on 128) • Union of Utrecht and Union of Arras • Elizabeth’s anti-Spanish policy • After 1580 • Treaty of Joinville • Treaty of Nonsuch • Leicester’s expedition EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated CHALLENGE Why were the Spanish Netherlands so important? How did the Spanish Netherlands affect England’s relations with Spain?

11. Evaluating Elizabeth’s Foreign Policy in this period EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated

12. Evaluating Elizabeth’s Foreign Policy in this period: Success TOTAL SUCCESS TOTAL FAILURE EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated Put each historian on this continuum Now, put your opinion on this continuum, and bullet point evidence below to justify your decision.

13. Evaluating Elizabeth’s Foreign Policy in this period: consistency Elizabeth’s foreign policy during this period had a number of aims, some of which were seemingly contradictory or at least very difficult the achieve at the same time: Avoid War with Spain Help Foreign Protestants Increase crown through support of privateers Prevent French/Spanish dominance of the Netherlands Maintain trade links on the continent (esp. Netherlands) EVALUATE How far f.policy in this period was consistent and successful. KNOW The chronology of foreign relations 1558-85 ANALYSE Why Anglo-Spanish relations deteriorated Tasks: Which aims compliment each other, and which conflict each other? why? Which aims were dominant at different times? Challenge: Do you think Elizabeth’s foreign policy was consistent?

14. FLIP LEARNING TASKS: Research causes, course and consequences of the Spanish Armada!Use your textbooks, the internet, exciting YouTube videos to find out as much information as possible! The following task is due in next Tudor lesson: