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Asking Good Questions. Chapter 7. Scales of Measurement. Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio. Nominal Level Data. Identification Examples: Mode. Source: packers.wikia.com. Ordinal Level Data. Order Examples: Median. Source: collegefootballpoll.com. Interval Level Data.
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Asking Good Questions Chapter 7
Scales of Measurement • Nominal • Ordinal • Interval • Ratio
Nominal Level Data • Identification • Examples: • Mode Source: packers.wikia.com
Ordinal Level Data • Order • Examples: • Median Source: collegefootballpoll.com
Interval Level Data • Can compare based on size of differences among and between members • Examples: • Mean Source: en.wikipedia.org
Ratio Level Data • Absolute zero and comparison of absolute magnitudes • Examples: • Mean Source: www.iruler.net
Measuring Attitudes • Self-reports • Itemized-Rating Scales • Likert-scales • Semantic differential scales • Graphic rating scales • Comparative rating scales • Constant sum scale • Halo effect
Other Considerations • Number of Items • Global measures • Composite measures • Number of Scale Positions • Include “Don’t Know” or “N/A”??
Establishing Validity & Reliability • Two types of errors • Systematic error • Random error • Validity • “Extent to which differences in scores on an instrument measure true differences among individuals on the characteristic it intends to measure” • Reliability