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Understanding the Eye's Anatomy and Common Disorders

Explore the intricate structures of the eye, from the vascular and neural tunics to the crucial roles of the lens and retina. Learn about conditions like glaucoma and cataracts, their symptoms, and treatment options. Gain insight into how the eye processes light and color perception.

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Understanding the Eye's Anatomy and Common Disorders

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  1. Chapter 9.4: The Senses

  2. Vascular Tunics cont… • Pupil • Opening in iris • Color determined by: • Number of melanocytes • No melanocytes = blue eyes • Increasing number of melanocytes = green, brown and black eyes • Albinos = Pale gray or gray blue eyes

  3. Figure 9.11

  4. Vascular tunics cont… • Susensory Ligaments • Hold lens in place

  5. Figure 9.10c

  6. Neural Tunics • AKA: Retina • Innermost layer • Photoreceptors—cells that detect light • Rods—light sensitive • “low light vision” • Cones—color • Sharper images • Requires light

  7. Figure 9.10c

  8. Figure 9.12a

  9. Retina cont… • Macula lutea • Where most cones are • In center—fovea centralis

  10. Figure 9.12c

  11. Retina cont… • Optic Disc • Origin of optic nerve • Contains blood vessels • No photoreceptors • “Blind spot” • Brain fills in missing information

  12. Figure 9.12b

  13. Chambers of the Eye • Anterior chamber—cornea to iris • Posterior chamber—iris to lens • Aqueous humor—fills both chambers • Maintains shape of eye • Transports wastes and nutrients • Vitreous body—in posterior chamber • Maintains shape of eye

  14. Figure 9.14

  15. Glaucoma • Interference with circulation • Increase in pressure • Leads to blindness if untreated

  16. The Lens • Focus image on photoreceptors • Transparent • Contract and changes shape

  17. Figure 9.14

  18. Cataracts • Lens loses transparency • Due to drugs, injury or radiation • Most common: senile cataracts • Becomes cloudy with age • Visual clarity fades • Need bright lights to see • Treatment: • Remove old lens • Replace with artificial lens • Fine tune with glasses or contacts • No treatment = blindness

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