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MALARIAL PARASITE

Dr Zahra Rashid Khan, Assistant Professor, Hematology Department of Pathology. MALARIAL PARASITE. EPIDEMIOLOGY. INTRODUCTION. THE MALARIAL PARASITE. Plasmodium vivax (benign tertian) Plasmodium ovale (benign tertian) Plasmodium falciparum (malignant tertian)

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MALARIAL PARASITE

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  1. Dr Zahra Rashid Khan, Assistant Professor, Hematology Department of Pathology MALARIAL PARASITE

  2. EPIDEMIOLOGY

  3. INTRODUCTION

  4. THE MALARIAL PARASITE • Plasmodium vivax (benign tertian) • Plasmodium ovale (benign tertian) • Plasmodium falciparum (malignant tertian) • Plasmodium malariae (benign quartan)

  5. MALARIA

  6. TRANSMISSION • Mosquito bite • Transplacental • Transfusion • IV drug abuse

  7. INCUBATION

  8. CLINICAL FEATURES

  9. “INTERMITTENT FEVER”

  10. P.FALCIPARUM MALARIA Occlusion of capillaries with aggregates of parasitized RBC • Cerebral malaria • Acute renal failure • Extensive hemolysis • Anemia

  11. MORPHOLOGY

  12. PLASMODIUM VIVAX

  13. PLASMODIUM VIVAX

  14. PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

  15. PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM

  16. DIAGNOSIS

  17. MICROSCOPY • Thick blood film • Thin Blood film

  18. MOLECULAR METHODS Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Highly specific and sensitive (1-5 parasite/mL of blood))

  19. RAPID TESTING(ICT)

  20. SEROLOGICAL METHODS • Not useful for diagnosis of acute infection • Epidemiological tool

  21. MANAGEMENT

  22. PREVENTIVE MEASURES • Mosquito nets • Window screens • Protective clothing • Insect repellents • Drainage of stagnant water

  23. PREVENTIVE MEASURES Chemoprophylaxis for travelers (chloroquine / mefloquine or doxycycline)

  24. TREATMENT OPTIONS Sensitive cases • Chloroquine • Primaquine Resistant cases • Quinine & Doxycycline • Quinine & Fansidar • Artemisinins

  25. RESISTANCE

  26. PREVENTION BETTER THAN CURE!

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