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Cancer

Cancer. Cancer - uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells Body’s cells are constantly growing and dividing Most new cells are normal but some are not. How Cancer Harms the Body. Tumor - Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body Some are benign - noncancerous

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Cancer

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  1. Cancer

  2. Cancer- uncontrollable growth of abnormal cells • Body’s cells are constantly growing and dividing • Most new cells are normal but some are not

  3. How Cancer Harms the Body • Tumor- Abnormal mass of tissue that has no natural role in the body • Some are benign- noncancerous • Do not spread • Can be harmful if they interfere with normal body functions • Ex block blood supply

  4. Tumors that are malignant, cancerous, spread to other tissues and spread through blood and lymph • Metastasis- the spread of cancer from the point where it started to other parts of the body • Cancer cells can kill normal body cells • They compete for nutrients with the body’s cells

  5. Types of Cancer • Lymphomas- cancers of the immune system • Leukemias- cancer of blood forming organs • Carcinomas- cancer of glands and body lining • Includes skin and line of digestive tract • Sarcomas- cancer of connective tissue • Bones, ligaments, and muscle

  6. Most common organs affected are Skin, Breast, Prostate, Lung, Colon, Mouth, Cervix

  7. Risk Factors for Cancer • A faulty gene may be inherited (5-10% of caner is inherited) • Majority of cancer is caused by exposure to risk factors • Carcinogen- cancer causing substance • Ex cig. Smoke and ultraviolet rays

  8. Tobacco Use • Tobacco use is the major cause of cancer deaths and the most preventable • Second hand smoke • Also increases risk of bladder, pancreas, and kidney cancer • 43 different carcinogens have been identified in tobacco and tobacco smoke

  9. Smokeless tobacco- causes oral cancer which affects the lips, mouth, and throat • Kills 1 person every hour

  10. Sexually Transmitted Diseases • Human Papillomavirus (HPV) causes cervical cancer • Hepatitis B causes liver cancer • Reduce risk of these by abstaining from sexual contact

  11. Dietary Factors • Diets high in fat and low in fiber linked with cancer • Fats make colon cells divide more rapidly which increases risk of cancer cells • Fiber speeds the movement of waste through the intestines so carcinogens have less time to act on cells

  12. Radiation • UV rays from sun or tanning bed= main cause of skin cancer • A tan is the body’s response to being injured by UV rays • Avoid tanning beds! • Limit time in the sun if possible esp. between 10:00 AM- 4:00 PM • When outside where sunscreen or long sleeves

  13. Pay attention to changes to skin • ABCDs of melanoma • Asymmetry (an imaginary line drawn through center of a mole does not produce matching halves) • Border Irregularity- Suspect moles have irregular edges (not smooth) • Color- intensely black, blush tint, or uneven color • Diameter- wider than a pea

  14. Reducing Your Risk • Abstaining from sexual contact • Be physically active • Eat nutritious foods- fruits, vegetables, fiber, low in fat • Protect skin from UV rays • Avoid tobacco and alcohol (increases risk of stomach and mouth cancer) • Be aware of warning signs

  15. Warning Signs- American Cancer Society • Changes in bowel habits (loose stools or constipation) • Sore throat that does not heal • Unusual bleeding or discharge • Lump in breast • Difficulty swallowing • Obvious change in moles • Nagging cough or hoarseness

  16. Detecting and Treating Cancer • Early detection of cancer is most critical factor in successful cancer treatment • Self examination • Medial screening • Biopsy- the removable of a small piece of tissue for examination to determine if cancer was present

  17. Treating Cancer • Depends on type of cancer of how much it has spread • Surgery- removes cancerous tumors • Radiation therapy- radioactive rays kills cells and shrinks cancerous mass • Chemotherapy- uses chemicals to destroy the cells • Immunotherapy- activates immune system to recognize cancer cells and destroy them

  18. Hormone Therapy- using medicine that interferes with the production of hormones • Remission- a period of time when symptoms disappear • When cancer responds to treatment • Can reoccur

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