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Reviewing Enzymes

Reviewing Enzymes. - All enzymes are proteins...proteins are also called “polypeptides”. - Enzymes are made up of amino acids (amino group + carboxyl group (an organic acid) + “R” group”) - held together by “peptide bonds” (bond between C and N) - most enzymes end with “ase”

dennis-donovan
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Reviewing Enzymes

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  1. Reviewing Enzymes

  2. - All enzymes are proteins...proteins are also called “polypeptides”. • - Enzymes are made up of amino acids (amino group + carboxyl group (an organic acid) + “R” group”) • - held together by “peptide bonds” (bond between C and N) • - most enzymes end with “ase” • - Enzymes are “Biochemical catalysts”..... they trigger or accelerate a chemical reaction without being chemically altered themselves.

  3. Enzymes are very “specific”. • Enzymes lower the amount of activation energy required to start a reaction.

  4. An Enzyme Reaction includes an enzyme, a substrate, and products. • A Substrate is the molecule(s) acted upon in an enzyme reaction. • The Product(s) of a reaction are “What you make” as a result of a chemical reaction.

  5. Coenzymes • Organic molecules that aid in enzyme reactions. • Many Vitamins are Coenzymes. The distinguishing feature of the vitamins is that they generally cannot be made by mammalian cells and, therefore, must be supplied in the diet.

  6. Cofactors • Non-protein molecules, or ions, which aid in enzyme reactions. • Examples: Zinc, Iron and Copper.

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