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Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 1800

Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 1800. Washington’s Presidency. The leaders of the new nation face the challenges of establishing a strong economy and a stable, democratic government. Washington Takes Office. George Washington inaugurated, sworn in, as 1st U.S. President (1789)

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Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 1800

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  1. Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 1800

  2. Washington’s Presidency • The leaders of the new nation face the challenges of establishing a strong economy and a stable, democratic government.

  3. Washington Takes Office • George Washington inaugurated, sworn in, as 1st U.S. President (1789) • John Adams, first vice-president • Washington knows every action as president will set a precedent • Congress agrees to call Washington “Mr. President”

  4. George Washington

  5. John Adams

  6. Setting Up the Courts • Congress passes the Federal Judiciary Act (1789) • Gives Supreme Court six members • 1 Chief Justice or Judge • 5 Associate Judges • The number of Judges later grows to nine • Act also provides for lower federal courts • John Jay is named Chief Justice

  7. John Jay

  8. Washington’s Cabinet • Congress creates 3 departments to help the president: • War department • State department • Treasury department • Heads of departments are president’s cabinet

  9. Secretary of State • Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, oversees diplomatic relations

  10. Secretary of War • Secretary of War, Henry Knox, Oversees the nation’s defense

  11. Attorney General • Attorney general, Edmund Randolf, gives legal advice

  12. Secretary of Treasury • Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, manages U.S. finances

  13. FOR UNDERSTANDING QUICK CHECK

  14. 1) Thomas Paine 2) John Adams 3) George Washington 4) Alexander Hamilton ______ was inaugurated as president on April 30, 1789.

  15. 1) John Adams 2) Alexander Hamilton 3) Thomas Jefferson 4) John Jay ______ of Massachusetts became Washington’s Vice President.

  16. In 1789, Congress passed the_______ which established the federal court system. • Administration of Justice Act • Department of Justice • Supreme Court • Judiciary Act

  17. 1) Eight associate justices 2) Nine Federal Court justices and one chief justice. 3) Three Supreme Court justices. 4) Five associate justices and one chief justice. The Supreme Court of 1789 was characterized by:

  18. 1) John Adams 2) James Madison 3) John Jay 4) Henry Knox ______ was appointed by Washington as the Supreme Court’s first chief justice.

  19. The headsof departments are known as the president’s… 1. Kitchen sink 2. Closet 3. Cabinet 4. Committee

  20. 1) Henry Knox 2) Thomas Jefferson 3) John Jay 4) Edmond Randolph Washington’s secretary of war was ______ .

  21. 1) Edmond Randolph 2) Alexander Hamilton 3) John Knox 4) Thomas Jefferson Washington’s secretary of state was ______ .

  22. 1) Edmond Randolph 2) Thomas Jefferson 3) John Jay 4) Alexander Hamilton Washington’s attorney general was ______ .

  23. 1) Edmond Randolph 2) John Knox 3) Alexander Hamilton 4) John Jay Washington’s secretary of the treasury was ______ .

  24. Economic Problems • By 1789, U.S. has a huge national debt - $52 million • U.S. must pay debt to gain respect of other countries

  25. Hamilton’s Plan • Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan shows his belief in: • A strong central government • Government encouraging business, industry • Pay debt to nation’s wealth, gain their support for government

  26. Hamilton’s Financial Plan • Alexander Hamilton proposes 3 step financial plan to Congress (1790) • Pay off all war debts • Raise government revenues • Create a national bank

  27. Problems and Solutions • Many southern states have paid war debts, northern states have not • To gain southern support, U.S. agrees to place capital in South

  28. Hamilton’s financial plan continued • Hamilton supports tariffs (tax on imported goods) because: • Raises money for U.S. government • Encourages growth of U.S. industry • Encourages people to buy American goods

  29. Hamilton calls for National bank, safe for government investments • Bank would make loans to businesses, issue bank notes

  30. Interpreting the Constitution • Thomas Jefferson, James Madison against a national bank • Claim that the Constitution does not allow for a national bank • Thomas Jefferson has a strict interpretation of the Constitution

  31. Alexander Hamilton has a flexible or loose interpretation of Constitution • Claims Congress has power to set up bank • George Washington approves a national bank (1791)

  32. FOR UNDERSTANDING QUICK CHECK

  33. 1) duty 2) tariff 3) ratification 4) debt Hamilton proposed raising money by placing a tax, called a ______, on imported goods.

  34. Alexander Hamilton had a _____ interpretation of the Constitution. 1. Weak 2. Expensive 3. Faulty. 4. Loose

  35. Thomas Jefferson had a _____ interpretation of the Constitution. 1. Weak 2. Expensive 3. Strict 4. Faulty

  36. One of the ways that the national government raised money was by • putting a tariff on goods imported from other countries. • Income tax • Selling land acquired after the Revolution • Borrowing money from other countries

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