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WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER?

WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER?. 2) _________. 3) _________. 4) _________. 1) ________. 5) __________. 6) ________. ocean. land. WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER?. condensation. precipitation. transpiration. evaporation. surface runoff. ground water. ocean. land. PHYSICAL LANDSCAPES.

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WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER?

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  1. WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER? 2) _________ 3) _________ 4) _________ 1) ________ 5) __________ 6) ________ ocean land

  2. WHAT CAN YOU REMEMBER? condensation precipitation transpiration evaporation surface runoff ground water ocean land

  3. PHYSICAL LANDSCAPES INTRODUCING RIVERS

  4. WHAT ARE WE GOING TO LEARN? • What is a drainage basin? • Why is a drainage basin like a kitchen sink? • What are the four processes of erosion in rivers? • What are the four processes of transportation in rivers?

  5. Dyfi DRAINAGE BASIN THE DRAINAGE BASIN A drainage basin is an area of land that is drained by a river and its tributaries.

  6. THE DRAINAGE BASIN The higher land that forms the edge, or boundary, of a drainage basin is called the watershed. Nature’s ‘kitchen sink’ WATERSHED

  7. THE DRAINAGE BASIN All the rain that falls within a drainage basin flows into a single river channel that flows to the sea (or lake). Drainage basins act like nature’s kitchen sinks.

  8. River Basin Features • Watershed the area of high land forming the edge of a river basin. • Source where a river begins. • Mouth where a river meets the sea. • Confluence the point at which two rivers meet. • Tributary a small river or stream that joins a larger river. • Channel this is where the river flows. • Drainage Basin this is the area of land drained by a river and its tributaries.

  9. DRAINAGE BASIN TERMS SOURCE TRIBUTARY CONFLUENCE CHANNEL MOUTH

  10. PHYSICAL LANDSCAPES THE RIVER COURSE

  11. THE RIVER COURSE UPPER COURSE MIDDLE COURSE LOWER COURSE

  12. RIVER PROCESSES Rivers play a big role in shaping our landscape. They are able to do this because they have energy. This means that they can do work. The work they do is erosion and transportation. When they run out of energy they have to stop doing work, so they drop what they are carrying. This is called deposition.

  13. EROSION PROCESSES Erosion is the wearing away of the river bed, river There are four processes of river erosion: • attrition • corrasion • corrosion • hydraulic action

  14. TRANSPORTATION PROCESSES • There are four processes of transportation: • traction • saltation • suspension • solution

  15. TRANSPORTATION PROCESSES Solution Suspension Traction Saltation

  16. RIVER EROSION

  17. THE SOURCE • The source is the start or beginning of a river. • The source of a river is usually found in the hills or mountains.

  18. SPRINGS rain Water can sink through gaps in the rocks Underground water emerges where the rock type changes Permeable rock ie Limestone Rocks are saturated Impermeable rock ie Clay Spring

  19. THE RIVER COURSE UPPER COURSE MIDDLE COURSE LOWER COURSE

  20. UPPER COURSE CHARACTERISTICS steep valley sides steep channel gradient narrow, shallow channel narrow valley floor

  21. Upper Course Characteristics large, angular stones and boulders

  22. UPPER COURSE CHARACTERISTICS turbulent river flow at a section of rapids

  23. Upper Course Landforms a typical V-shaped valley

  24. Key Features: • V-shaped valley A steep sided and narrow valley that is formed due to vertical erosion. The load of the river cuts downwards and deepens the bed of the river.

  25. Upper Course Landforms a typical V-shaped valley

  26. Upper Course Landforms interlocking spurs interlocking spurs

  27. Upper Course Landforms interlocking spurs interlocking spurs

  28. Angel Falls, Venezuela

  29. Hopetoun Falls, Australia

  30. Victoria Falls, Zambia/Zimbabwe

  31. Jog Falls, India

  32. Niagara Falls, Canada/USA

  33. WATERFALL RETREATS . . OVERHANG PLUNGE POOL UNDERCUTTING OF SOFT ROCK UPSTREAM . .

  34. Upper Course Landforms interlocking spurs interlocking spurs

  35. Rapids A series of gentle breaks in the slope of a river bed due to different types of rock.

  36. Hydro-electric power

  37. Upper Middle Lower Course Course Course River Model

  38. S3 Rivers: The Middle Course

  39. At the middle stage of the river the valley sides become less steep • The river is now wider and deeper • It does not flow at the same speed throughout its middle course, some parts are slower, some are faster

  40. Meander ( = bend in a river’s channel)

  41. What do you notice about thebank of the river channel on the outside of the bend?

  42. Which is the fastest side of a river?

  43. Why do rivers meander (bend)? • Copy the diagram above and put the following labels in the correct place: • Deposition Fast flow of river Shallow water • River Cliff Lateral Erosion Slow flow of river Deeper water River beach (Slip-off slope) • 2. Describe why one side of the river bend is different from the other.

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