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Empires of the Fertile Crescent: Babylon, Assyria, and Persia

Explore the rise and fall of the powerful empires in the Fertile Crescent - Babylon, Assyria, and Persia. Discover their conquests, innovations, trade, and lasting impact on ancient and modern society.

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Empires of the Fertile Crescent: Babylon, Assyria, and Persia

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  1. Chapter 2 The Fertile Crescent

  2. Section 2The Fertile Crescent Empire

  3. Empire?? • An area of many territories and peoples that is controlled by one government

  4. The Babylonian Empire • Created by Hammurabi in 1789 B.C. • Conquered several cities in Sumer • Capital – Babylon • Built roads = easy travel • Caravans – groups of travelers • Cities had bazaars – markets • Cotton from India • Spices from Egypt • All this trading = money

  5. Bye Babylonia • Shrank and destroyed by invaders early 1500 B.C.

  6. The Assyrian Empire • Open land = constantly invading • Assyrians become skilled warriors • 1365 B.C. – best defense is to attack others • 650 B.C. – large empire • Nile River to Persian Gulf

  7. How about war • Invented battering ram – pounded city walls • Used slingers to hurl stones • Archers – protected by helmet and armor • Armed charioteers • Capital – Nineveh • City of learning • Library – thousands of clay tablets from Sumer and Babylonia • Because of them we know about Mesopotamia

  8. Bye Assyria • No friends • Medes & Chaldeans joined together – defeated them in 612 B.C.

  9. Babylonia is Back • Babylon rose while under control of the Chaldeans • Center of New Babylonia – controlled the Fertile Crescent

  10. Nebu…Nebuch…Nebuchadnezzar • King Nebuchadnezzar II – rebuilt Babylon (was destroyed by the Assyrians) • Built walls around city for protection • Built massive palace– Hanging Gardens • Several terraces – 350 ft. tall • Landscape – trees and gardens Built for wife – hated dry Mesopotamia

  11. Hanging Gardens

  12. What about learning? • Babylon – center of learning and science • Babylonian math skills and Chaldean astronomers charted stars and length of year • Only a few minutes off of modern scientists

  13. Bye New Babylonia • Open to attacks • 539 B.C. fell to Persians – led by Cyprus the Great • Babylon spared

  14. Now the Persians • Persian homeland – present day Iran • Longest empire ever in the Fertile Crescent • By 400 B.C. from Greece to India

  15. Who were they? • Zoroastrianism – Persian religion • One god • Developed bureaucracy – complex structure of government offices • Built road network – established trading with neighbors • Tolerated people with different culture

  16. Lasting Impressions • Persian achievements – shaped modern society

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