Introduction to Public Speaking

Introduction to Public Speaking Chapters 15 and 16

Persuasion • The process of creating, reinforcing or changing peoples beliefs or actions • MUCH MORE difficult than informative speaking

Mental Dialogue • Assume that the audience member is having a dialogue with you as you are speaking • Anticipate their questions

Target Audience Section of the audience that you most want to persuade

Questions of Fact • A question about the truth or falsity of an assertion • Organized Topically • Sometimes spacially

Questions of Value • Questions about the worth, rightness, morality, etc. of an idea or action • Organized Topically

Questions of Policy • Questions about whether a specific course of action should or should not be taken

Questions of Policy • Types of speeches associated with questions of policy • Those to Gain Passive Agreement • Those to Gain Immediate Action

Questions of Policy • Analyzing Questions of Policy • Need • Plan • Practicality

Questions of Policy • Speech Organization • Problem Solution Order • Problem-Cause-Solution Order

Monroe’s Motivated Sequence • Created by Alan Monroe in 1930’s at Purdue University • 5 Steps • Attention • Need • Satisfaction • Visualization • Action

Methods of Persuasion Why should I listen to you?

Credibility - Ethos • Audiences perception as to whether the speaker is qualified to speak on a given topic • 2 factors • Competence • Character

Types of Credibility • Initial • Derived • Terminal

Establishing Credibility • Explain your competence • Establish a common ground with the audience • Deliver your speeches fluently, expressively and with conviciton

Evidence - Logos • People are Skeptical…back up what you say with evidence • Use specific evidence • Use novel evidence • Use credible sources • Make clear point of evidence

Reasoning - Logos • Process of drawing a conclusion on the basis of evidence • 4 Basic Types • Reasoning for specific instances • Reason from principle • Causal reasoning • Analogical Reasoning

Reasoning for specific instances • Moves from particular facts to general conclusions

Reasoning from Principle • Moves from general thought to specific thought

Causal Reasoning • Establishes a relationship between causes and effects

Analogical Reasoning • Compares two similar cases and infers what is true for the first case is true for the other due to their relationship

Fallacies • Red Herring • Ad Hominem • Either-Or • Bandwagon • Slippery Slope

Appeal to Emotions • Evoking an emotional response from your audience • Use emotional language • Develop vivid examples • Speak with sincerity and conviction

A = 135 -150 points B = 120 – 134 points C = 105 – 119 points Top Grade: 140 Grade Breakdown A = 7 B = 15 C = 3 Test Results

Introduction to Public Speaking